Astrum Space

The Deadliest Part of the Pacific Ocean | Astrum Earth

36 min
Apr 14, 2026about 2 months ago
Listen to Episode
Summary

This episode debunks the legend of the Dragon's Triangle, a mysterious stretch of ocean off Japan's coast, by examining real scientific causes behind ship and plane disappearances including underwater volcanic eruptions, methane hydrate gas bubbles, and typhoons. Through analysis of famous incidents like the MV Darbyshire and the 1952 Kaio Maru, the episode demonstrates how natural geological and meteorological phenomena explain historical tragedies far better than myths or conspiracy theories.

Insights
  • The Dragon's Triangle is not inherently more dangerous than other ocean regions; it appears deadly due to high shipping traffic volume and concentration of natural hazards rather than mysterious forces
  • Underwater volcanic eruptions are responsible for approximately 75% of Earth's volcanic activity and can generate tsunamis, gas bubbles, and toxic emissions capable of sinking modern vessels
  • Methane hydrate gas blowouts in subduction zones can create bubbles large enough to sink ships by reducing water density, a phenomenon supported by 2022 peer-reviewed research
  • Tropical cyclones (typhoons) in the region generate 1.5 trillion watts of kinetic energy and are the primary culprit behind most historical disappearances, not magnetic anomalies or supernatural forces
  • Modern shipping safety has improved dramatically with global fleet losses dropping from 200+ vessels annually in the 1990s to just 27 in 2024, indicating better technology and regulation
Trends
Climate change-driven expansion of the Hadley cell is shifting wind patterns and ocean currents, with the Kuro-Shio current's northern edge moving up to 480km north in recent yearsMaritime heatwave conditions in 2023-2024 showed water temperatures 10°C warmer than historical averages, impacting fisheries and contributing to extreme weather patternsIncreased oceanographic research and deep-sea exploration technology (ROVs, sonar, towed imaging systems) enabling discovery and analysis of previously unknown underwater geological featuresGrowing recognition that 99.99% of the global seafloor has never been visually imaged by humans, indicating massive gaps in ocean knowledge despite technological advancesShift from mythological explanations of maritime disasters toward evidence-based scientific analysis, improving safety protocols and regulatory frameworks for bulk carriers and aircraft
Topics
Underwater Volcanic Eruptions and Submarine GeologyMethane Hydrate Gas Blowouts in Subduction ZonesTropical Cyclones and Typhoon Formation MechanicsOcean Currents and Boundary Current DynamicsMagnetic Declination and Navigation AnomaliesDeep-Sea Exploration Technology and ROV SystemsMaritime Safety Regulations and Bulk Carrier DesignTectonic Plate Subduction and Ring of Fire GeologyClimate Change Impacts on Ocean Circulation PatternsHistorical Maritime Disasters and Wreck DiscoveryPillow Lava Formation in Deep-Sea EruptionsPumice Rafts and Volcanic Material TransportCoriolis Effect and Tropical Storm DevelopmentShipping Industry Loss Statistics and TrendsOceanographic Data Collection and Seafloor Mapping
Companies
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Conducted detailed surveys of the MV Darbyshire wreck using Argo 2 imaging system and discovered West Matter Volcano ...
Lloyd's Register
Classification society that rated the MV Darbyshire as A1, the top classification for merchant ships before its loss ...
Arctic University of Norway
Researchers discovered massive underwater craters off Norwegian coast in 2016 caused by enormous methane hydrate gas ...
Harbin Engineering University
Published 2022 study demonstrating that single gas bubbles close to ship size could sink vessels in ocean conditions
Japan Meteorological Agency
Co-authored 2025 study documenting 2023-2024 maritime heatwave with water temperatures 10°C above historical averages
Meteorological Research Institutes
Co-authored 2025 study on intensive maritime heatwave conditions and ocean temperature anomalies in the Pacific region
Allianz
Published 2025 Shipping and Safety Review identifying South China, Indo-China, Indonesia and Philippines as main loss...
World Meteorological Organisation
Estimated nearly 780,000 people killed by tropical cyclones in the past 50 years globally
People
James Stewart
Presents episode analyzing scientific explanations for Dragon's Triangle disappearances and debunking myths
Charles Burlitz
Wrote bestselling 1974 Bermuda Triangle book (20M copies) and 1989 Dragon's Triangle book promoting conspiracy theories
Larry Kusche
Debunked Burlitz's theories in 1975 book 'The Bermuda Triangle Mystery Solved' using fact-checking and scientific ana...
Kublai Khan
Lost two invasion fleets to typhoons in 13th century attempting to conquer Japan, inspiring Dragon's Triangle mythology
Marco Polo
Documented Kublai Khan's empire, grandson of Genghis Khan and conqueror of China
Quotes
"Magic is only magic until you understand the trick after all. And I would argue unpicking said trick until you understand it harbors its own kind of magic."
James StewartEnd of episode
"When the size of the bubble is close to the characteristic length of the ship, one single bubble could sink a ship."
Harbin Engineering University study (quoted)Mid-episode
"A person could walk across from one point of land to another on a mass of wreckage."
Contemporary account of 1281 Kublai Khan fleet destructionEarly episode
"The Darbyshire, the report states, would certainly not have been lost had it not encountered extremely severe seas close to the centre of Typhoon Orchid."
UK Government Investigation ReportMid-episode
"More than 99.99% of the global seafloor has never been seen by humans. This is visual imaging, i.e. stuff we've actually seen, not mapping, but it's still vanishingly small."
James StewartLate episode
Full Transcript
Most of us have heard of the Bermuda Triangle, it's the stuff of legend and rumour and myth, where ships and planes disappear without trace. But what if I told you it had an evil twin? Not in Bermuda, not quite a triangle and arguably much more deadly in modern times. A patch of water not recognised on maps but capable of swallowing entire ships whole, including the biggest British ship ever to be lost at sea. This is not some historic wooden galleon but a modern bulk carrier nearly 45 meters wide and 300 meters long, bigger even than the Titanic and fully equipped with modern navigational aids, including a magnetic compass, gyro compass, automatic pilot, radar, echoes sound, a speed log and satellite navigator. How does something like that just disappear? The dragon's triangle as it has become known lies off the coast of Japan and is named after the legends of a devastating fire-breathing dragon that stalks the waves. For some this region is the Pacific's answer to the Bermuda Triangle but what makes this different is that the legends here are older, darker and far less understood. Sofeasome is this area that much of Kublai Khan's 13th century invasion force lies buried in its depths. Hundreds of ships and thousands of troops just gone. That single event alone blows Bermuda out of the water. The disappearances are real, that's for sure, but are the stories and could those fire-breathing dragons have anything to do with the fact this is one of the most volcanically active places on earth? I'm James Stewart and you're watching Astrum Earth. Join me for this voyage into the most deadly part of the Pacific Ocean. We'll explore undersea volcanoes, tackle ocean guayas and even encounter deadly bubbles in a stretch of ocean feared by fishermen, studied by scientists and shrouded in stories of sea dragons, magnetic anomalies and unexplained disappearances. Using modern scientific analysis and the most comprehensive data available we'll finally put the mysteries to bed and uncover what's really hiding beneath the waves. Okay let's start with the basics. What and where are we actually talking about? Well like any good mystery no one can 100% actually agree on this part but we're going in search of facts so let's try and nail this jelly to the wall. We're in the western Pacific Ocean off the southeast coast of Japan. In the late 80s author Charles Burlitz who wrote extensively on the Bermuda Triangle and its Pacific twin drew a line from western Japan just north of Tokyo to a point in the Pacific at a latitude of approximately 140 degrees east. This triangle sort of then runs west southwest to the Bonin Islands down to Guam, the US island territory key to American military strategy in the Pacific before heading west to Taiwan and then back to Japan. Longitude is about 35 degrees east if you are keeping track. Now you won't find this triangle on google maps but it's caused enough peril over the centuries for the stories to persist. Other sources say this treacherous stretch of ocean lies 100 kilometers south of Tokyo close to the island of Miyake in the Philippine Sea and in the 1950s Japanese newspapers including Yomi-Ori Shimbun mapped the area as closer to Japan and centering on the Azoo islands. They started calling it Ma-no-Umi which roughly translates as Sea of Troubles, Devil's Sea or Troublesome Sea which as we'll see is very appropriate. But it's also been called the Dragon's Triangle, the Pacific Bermuda Triangle and the Formosa Triangle. Confused yet? Me too so from here on in and for ease I'm going to refer to it as the Dragon's Triangle. No matter what you call this place like its more sensationalist partner in crime the Bermuda Triangle it's notorious for making things disappear without trace and it begins as it's often does with a man setting out to expand his empire. It's the late 13th century and Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan has set his sights on Japan. Grandson of Genghis Khan, conqueror of China and famously immortalized by Marco Polo. Khan wants to add gold rich trading power Japan to his collection. He loses not one but two fleets in the process both to the Dragon's Triangle, both to violent storms. As one Samurai put it a green dragon had raised its head from the waves and sulfurous flames filled the firmament. Between the fleets Kublai Khan lost hundreds of ships and thousands of sailors. Splintered debris floated everywhere men and horses drowned their cries lost in the roar of wind and waves. These may have been mighty armies on land but they stood no chance against the monster of the sea. The Japanese credited the storms to divine intervention describing them as kemikaze or divine wind a concept we're now more familiar with in connection with the Second World War. Over centuries stories about this area swelled and grew. Chinese mythology speaks of dragons stirring up violent storms, whirlpools and even rogue waves. Fishermen reported glowing lights and bubbling waters claiming to see serpent like creatures the size of boats. So far so mysterious but not much actual evidence to latch on to yet the stories persist into the modern era and they get even more sinister. One of the most famous incidents involves the Kaio Maru a scientific research vessel. The ship sailed from Tokyo on the 23rd of September 1952 with 31 people on board, nine scientists and 22 crew. At 8 30 p.m. that same day a routine message was received but the crew were never heard from again. There was no distress call the ship had apparently vanished without trace in the dragon's triangle but it wasn't just brave sailors meeting their watery ends the skies above weren't safe either. On Friday March 22nd 1957 a US Air Force flight left Micronesia for Yokata Air Force Base in Tokyo with 57 passengers and 10 crew members on board. The plane was a C97 Stratofraitor a four-engine military transport developed from the famous B29 bomber. With its distinctive double bubble fuselage the C97 was a military workhorse with a range of nearly 6,500 kilometers. It was so reliable it remained in service for over three decades. Now this particular aircraft was on a scheduled military air transport service flight originating out of Travis Air Force Base in California. It made two stopovers in Hawaii and Wake Island before setting off for Tokyo. About 320 kilometers off the Japanese coast at 20 to 1 in the morning local time the C97's crew informed air traffic control of their position and that all was okay on board. They were cruising at 2,500 meters and they never arrived at their destination. Huge search and rescue efforts were immediately launched 48 Air Force and Navy planes scoured an estimated 140,000 square kilometers of ocean without success as did a fleet of US Navy and Japanese coast guards and fishing boats. Search and rescue continued for eight days but no trace of the plane or crew was ever found. The Dragon's Triangle had claimed another victim and its thirst for blood wasn't over yet. There is one last lost ship in this deadly catalog the biggest one yet and it's the most striking story of them all. The MV Darbyshire's final voyage began in July 1980 when she sailed from Canada to Japan lading with nearly 160,000 tons of iron ore. This was no fishing boat no small research vessel. The MV Darbyshire is the biggest British registered merchant ship ever to have been lost at sea. Built on time slide in the UK she was only four years old bigger than the Titanic and classed A1 by Lloyd's Register that is the top classification for merchant ships. On the 9th of September 1980 just a few days out from Kawasaki the Darbyshire made her last radio transmission at 1019 Zulu which is military speak for GMT. There was no May Day Distress School The Darbyshire simply disappeared off the charts. All 44 crew members were given up for dead and the ship declared lost. You can see why believers of the Dragon's Triangle latch on to things like the Darbyshire. She was thought to be unsinkable she had experienced crew and yet she went missing in the heart of the Dragon's Triangle never to be found again. Now make no mistake these tragedies absolutely happened and heartbreakingly thousands of lives have been lost but something about this doesn't feel quite right and that's because there's a reason that the stories of the Dragon's Triangle endure. Let's go back to author Charles Burlitz. Now Burlitz liked a mystery his 1974 book On the Bermuda Triangle put it firmly on the map and catapulted him into the best cellar lists. 20 million copies sold in more than 30 languages. He offered up some mind-blowing theories along the way. The Lost City of Atlantis, a portal under the sea in space and time, electromagnetic in geospatial anomalies and of course aliens. Burlitz mentioned the Dragon's Triangle in his 1974 bestseller and doubled down on his theories by publishing a book solely about it in 1989. Chapter one begins. Another Triangle of Doom listing a string of disappearances from ships to planes to submarines. He even claimed that the Kaomaru number five had been sent out to investigate some of those disappearances. Fortunately for every conspiracist there's also a skeptic. Hi. Larry Kouch spent his career doggedly debunking Burlitz's theories, fat checking them with real actual facts. What a great guy, I wish we could get him on the channel. Kouch's 1975 book The Bermuda Triangle Mystery Solved and his follow-up research also dived into the Dragon's Triangle, concluding that Burlitz's string of disappearances just didn't add up. Yet, surf the dark corners of the internet, which I try not to, and the mysteries still lurk. Stories that can lure you in like sirens. I mean, who wouldn't love an alien meets Atlantis meets deep sea monsters blockbuster? I'd watch that. But blockbusters don't have to be based in science. Or even reality. Astram Earth, on the other hand, does. And don't get me wrong, some ships and planes have undoubtedly gone missing in this ocean. So what's the truth? Let's break this story down. What plausible, scientific theories are there? Now when it comes to ocean real estate, as with any other, it's all about location, location, location. Look at where the Dragon's Triangle actually is. It's at the end of continental masses, where shallow seas meet the plunging depths of the ocean's deepest trenches. In fact, the Dragon's Triangle crosses past with the deepest place on Earth, the Mariana Trench. If a ship sinks there, it's pretty much definitely not going to be found. It's also worth noting that these oceans are not easy to navigate, especially not historically. It's hard to imagine now from the technological comfort of our 21st century modcons, how early sailors found their way anywhere, quite frankly. Compass is going awry is another popular theory when it comes to these triangles. Geomagnetic disturbances that throw navigators off course. That's normally down to magnetic declination, i.e. the difference between the magnetic North Pole and the geographic North Pole. Yeah, these two things are different, and they vary depending on where you are in the world. At very high latitudes, a compass can even point south, which is not helpful. But that doesn't really fly because navigators are trained to compensate for magnetic declination. There's an app for it, you may even have it on your smartwatch, I don't know. So why might ships and planes be disappearing? Because the truth is out there, and perhaps we can find it on a map. The Dragon's Triangle lands Slap Bang in the middle of what's known as the Pacific Ring of Fire. This is one of the most geologically active places on Earth. If anywhere could remind you of the raw power at the core of our planet, it's this place. A 40,000 kilometer horseshoe-shaped chain tracing the meeting points of many tectonic plates. The huge slabs of Earth's crust that fit together like pieces of a puzzle. This ring is home to 75% of the planet's volcanoes, and 90% of its earthquakes. Think of the tectonic plates here as pieces of a cracked shell resting on the hot molten rock of the Earth's mantle very slowly, but still moving. In what are known as subduction zones, one plate is subducted, basically shoved, under another, releasing magma. And magma means volcanoes. In any volcanic eruption, that magma, the molten rock beneath our feet, is forced up to the surface. Now on land, the power of a volcano is obvious. We can literally see it explode. But underwater, you see where I'm going with this, things work a little differently, as it faces the crushing pressure of thousands of tons of seawater. In 2009, an expedition filmed the West Matter Volcano erupting an incredible 1200 meters beneath the surface of the Pacific ocean, in an area between Samoa, Fiji and Ponga. Scientists from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute use a remotely operated underwater vehicle, or ROV, to capture footage of the explosion, and the active formation of what's known as pillow lava, so called because of their shape. Lava runs hot, around 700 to 1200 degrees Celsius, and when it hits seawater, it experiences a dramatic temperature change. The inner rock stays hot, while the outside cools into a chain of not so fluffy, but pillows. This was the first time a deep sea eruption spewing molten lava had ever been filmed. So is this just an isolated incident? No, check this out, this blew my mind. It's estimated that approximately three quarters of all volcanic activity on earth occurs as deep underwater eruptions. These eruptions can cause devastating and deadly tsunamis, violent steam explosions, clouds of ash and toxic gases. They release basaltic balloons, essentially gas-filled bubbles of lava, and they create pumice rafts, like this one from a 2019 underwater eruption near Tonga, so big you can see it from space. It's basically a raft of lava lighter than water that's roughly the size of Manhattan. So could submarine volcanoes be to blame for any of the disappearances in the Dragon's Triangle? The short answer is yeah, and actually so is the long answer, and we have evidence. In truth, I wish my online presence could sometimes disappear into a digital Dragon's Triangle, so I could avoid the mountain of spam emails I'm getting right now. I don't know what's going on, but they are taking up so much of my time. 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They're giving our viewers an amazing deal right now, with 20% off using my link. Join deleteme.com slash Astrum Earth, and use code ASTRUMEARTH at checkout. Thanks to DeleteMe for sponsoring this video. The link is in the description if you want your digital life a bit more private. As we head back to the video and the evidence surrounding underwater volcanoes. Remember the Caillou Marou number five? The research vessel lost in 1952 that Charles Burlitt said was sent out to investigate all of those disappearances that then disappeared itself without trace? Well, its disappearance is quite as mysterious as it first sounds. The Caillou Marou, it turns out, was actually on a mission to investigate this very thing, volcanic activity. What the crew didn't realise was that they were sailing into the eye of a volcanic storm. On the 17th of September 1952, a small fishing boat reported an eruption in the vicinity of the Bayonet's rocks about 450km south of Tokyo. The Caillou Marou was dispatched five days later on the 23rd of September to investigate. One day later on the 24th of September, a tidal gorge nearly 120km north of the volcano recorded a 2m high passing tsunami. US Navy hydrophones in Hawaii also recorded underwater sounds of an eruption. And this is when the Caillou Marou number five went radio silent. A search and rescue team was immediately dispatched but all they could find were lava pitted fragments of the survey vessel. The ship had been sunk not by dragons or aliens but by a volcanic eruption. It's worth noting that this mystery didn't take long to solve. In fact, newspapers were already reporting it just a few days after the ship's tragic disappearance. And it turns out volcanic eruptions aren't the only things bubbling under the sea with an ability to sink our ships. Nope, not dragons, still, but ocean burps. In fact, let's just call them bubbles. In 2016, researchers at the Arctic University of Norway discovered huge underwater craters off the coast that were, probably, they said, caused by an enormous blowout of gas. Methane hydrates are almost ice-like solid substances found in deep sea sediments and permafrost, where water molecules form a sort of cage around methane molecules. Changes in pressure or temperature can cause seeps or even massive explosive blowouts, like the giant craters in Norway. Now here's where it gets interesting because it's estimated that two-thirds of marine gas hydrates are located in convergent margins, which, yeah, you guess it, convergent margins, like the subduction zones of the Ring of Fire, where ocean tectonic plates subduct or sink the lighter continental crust. But could a bubble really sink a ship? A 2022 study published by a team of researchers at Harbin Engineering University in China suggests so. To quote their paper, when the size of the bubble is close to the characteristic length of the ship, one single bubble could sink a ship. This includes gas bubbles from volcanoes as well as methane hydrates. Other studies have similar findings, all in labs, might I add, all with a lot of physics and a lot of maths. But who knows how this plays out on an actual ocean. And all that stuff we've just talked about is just what's happening inside our oceans. Actually, the most dangerous aspect of the Dragon's Triangle is yet to come. Because perhaps the biggest suspect of them all is hiding in plain sight. Tropical Cyclones. These are rapidly rotating storm systems, characterized by low pressure, strong winds, heavy rains, and what's known as organized convection, which is basically where thunderstorms all gang up and multiply. Tropical cyclones are one of the most powerful and destructive forces on Earth. They're also an essential feature of the Earth's atmosphere, transferring heat and energy between the equator and the poles. Think of a tropical cyclone as a giant engine that needs warm, moist air as fuel. And there's plenty of that in the tropics. As the sun heats the ocean to around 27 degrees Celsius, invisible water vapour starts to rise and cool, condensing into clouds and then into rain. Vast towering cumulonimbus clouds form, the king of clouds as they're known. These release latent heat, which warms the surrounding air and makes it rise even faster. Meanwhile, down below on the ocean's surface, a low pressure zone, or depression, is created. This triggers a cluster of thunderstorms, creating a tropical disturbance, the messy, unorganized version of a typhoon. And this is where things become really impressive, or terrifying, but you know what I mean. As the air rushes in to fill the low pressure void, the Coriolis effect, the force of the rotation of the Earth, starts to spin this column of air, creating a giant feedback loop. More warm, moist air, more fuel, more thunderstorms. Spiralling winds accelerate inwards and upwards. When they hit 62 kilometres per hour, you've got yourself a tropical storm. When they reach 119 kilometres per hour, a distinctive eye will form, and then things get very scary indeed. In the Northwest Pacific, you'd be facing down a typhoon, and in the South Pacific and Indian Ocean for some reason, it stays as a tropical cyclone, whatever the wind speed. But all of these are essentially the same thing, just with different scarier names. And the Dragon's Triangle is deep in the heart of Typhoon Alley. More typhoons form here than anywhere else in the world. These storm systems can be 480 kilometres to 640 kilometres wide, and 8 to 10 kilometres high. They tend to be bigger and last longer than hurricanes, travelling up to 5000 kilometres and lasting up to a month. A mature typhoon can generate around 1.5 trillion watts of kinetic energy. That's nearly 20% of the world's total energy-generating capacity. The world meteorological organisation estimates nearly 780,000 people have been killed by tropical cyclones in just the last 50 years alone. But these storms are not new. They've been around for centuries. The Kamikaze divine winds that destroyed the Kublai Khan's invasion fleet in the 13th century, well, these were most likely typhoons. One contemporary account observed that the destruction of the 1281 invasion fleet was so utter and complete that, to quote, a person could walk across from one point of land to another on a mass of wreckage. And there's plenty of evidence to suggest that the 1957 disappearance of the USAFC 97 Stratofraitor was also down to a typhoon. A commercial pilot flying 30 minutes ahead of the C97 observed cloudy weather, light icing and light to moderate turbulence. He also observed lightning in the sky, and recent research shows that lightning is more common in the early phases of, yeah, a tropical cyclone. Back in California, the desert sun reported the conditions as winds of near typhoon force. Giant waves hurling spray hundreds of feet into the air. It quoted a senior Air Force pilot as saying, it would have been damned near impossible to make a successful ditching attempt under these conditions. The plane would just break into pieces in seas like these. And then there's the MV Darbyshire. Its story is more complex and more tragic than any mysterious. The Darbyshire's last known message on the 9th of September 1980 reported a severe tropical storm. This was Typhoon Orchid moving in from the east, a particularly brutal and long lasting typhoon. At 0300 hours Zulu or GMT, the Darbyshire reported she was hoved to in a force 11 storm with 30 foot waves and then she was gone. After a six day search, the ship and all 44 people on board were declared lost. The only sign of the Darbyshire was an oil slick near her last known position. It's easy to see tragedies like this as just facts and figures in this video, but it's important to remember these were people with families and lives. They were just people doing their jobs. The families of the crew were anxious for answers, not because of any mysterious triangle, but because they wanted to know what happened to their loved ones. An unsatisfactory inquest and questions around the build of the ship meant controversy rumbled on well into 1994. Following a strong campaign led by the Darbyshire Families Association, an expedition was launched to find the needle in the Pacific haystack. Against all odds, the wreck was found at a depth of 1280 meters using sonar and an ROV. The debris field stretched an area more than 1500 meters long. A detailed survey of the wreck was conducted in two phases, the first in 1997 and the second in 1998 by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The team use Argo 2, a towed imaging system and if that name sounds familiar it's because the original Argo vehicle was used to find an image the Titanic in 1985. Thousands of hours of painstaking work finally led to the UK government formally reopening the investigation into the loss of the Darbyshire. Ultimately it was concluded that damage to the bow caused by huge waves led the holds to fill with water. The Darbyshire, the report states, would certainly not have been lost had it not encountered extremely severe seas close to the centre of Typhoon Orchid. The crew were cleared of any blame and recommendations were made to increase the safety of other bulk carriers. This, this is why you need context and this, or this is why you need science. Understanding how our oceans work is key to understanding why ships might disappear and here in the Dragon's Triangle there's one last factor at play, currents. One of the theories often put forward about disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle is the role of the Gulf Stream, a fast moving and unpredictable current that could potentially throw sailors off course. Well this region in the Pacific has its own version, the Kuro-Shio current or Black Current known for its dark cobalt blue waters. Early Chinese marinas called it Wei Lu or the current to a world from which no man has ever returned, which sounds pretty ominous. Driven by winds and the earth's spin, the Kuro-Shio begins life in the tropical Philippine Sea flowing north of Taiwan. When it reaches Japan it collides with a frigid sub-artic countercurrent from the Bering Sea and snakes wildly along the coast until it shoots east toward North America. Here it becomes known as the Kuro-Shio extension. It's what's known as a boundary current, a river of water flowing parallel to a continental coastline. Think of it as one of the veins and arteries of the global ocean moving large amounts of carbon, nutrients and heat around our planet. And this thing moves fast at a rate of 2.5 meters per second and it's deep too, up to a thousand meters below sea level able to influence weather patterns as far away as North America. And there's evidence it's on the move. By analysing decades of satellite-derived data which monitors sea surface height and deploying oceanographic sensors, scientists have tracked its progress. In recent years the northern edge of this powerful current has shifted up to 480 kilometers to the north, leading to unprecedented changes in water temperatures and sea levels. How much of this is a natural cycle is yet to be determined, but there's mounting evidence that the Hadley cell, a tropical atmospheric circulation pattern, is expanding due to our old friend climate change, which of course shifts wind patterns. When the winds move currents like this one move too and then tropical water starts showing up where historically it wasn't showing up before. A 2025 study from scientists at the Japan Meteorological Agency and Meteorological Research Institutes found that in the 2023-2024 intensive maritime heatwave conditions, water temperatures in places were up to 10 degrees Celsius warmer than usual. Ocean conditions hugely impacted fisheries and also contributed to record heat waves over land. And that's the thing, this is all connected. The ocean, our planet, our climate, and we're only just truly beginning to understand it. So who knows what impact these shifting currents have had on the Great Storms in the Dragon's Triangle. The truth is that yeah, these waters are dangerous. In the Dragon's Triangle, Devil's Sea, Mano Umi or whatever you want to call it, there are dynamic currents under sea volcanoes and devastating typhoons. You need to keep your wits about you. But is this fame stretch of water any more dangerous than any other part of our ocean? Well the Dragon's Triangle and the Bermuda Triangle for that matter don't even make the top 10 most dangerous ocean regions in the world. But then again it all depends on how you categorize dangerous. Storms, piracy, shipping accidents, navigational hazards, dragons. According to Allianz's 2025 Shipping and Safety Review, that was a tough read I can assure you, the South China Indo-China, Indonesia and the Philippines region are the main loss hotspots. Four total losses in 2024, 169 in the past decade followed by incredibly the British Isles and the East Mediterranean and Black Seas, I'll think twice before swimming to France. Aha, I hear you say, but isn't the Philippines region where the Dragon's Triangle is? Well yes, sort of. But those numbers aren't just for that relatively tiny area and they reflect the fact that this is import and export central. There are huge volumes of shipping traffic passing through every day. Look let's put this into perspective, during the 1990s the global fleet lost 200 plus vessels a year. This is now down to a record low of just 27 in 2024. So what about planes? Well air travel is getting safer too. Accidents are extremely rare. There were 40.6 million recorded flights in 2024 and only seven fatal accidents. And none of these, by the way, were over the so-called Dragon's Triangle. Ditching incidents, that's emergency water landings, are also far less common than any other aviation accidents. Typically there are only 12 to 15 of these a year and statistics show that 90% of these are survivable. Of course modern ships and planes do still disappear without trace. Just look at Flight MH370, the Boeing 777 that vanished over the Indian Ocean en route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing in 2014. Over a decade later a new seabed search is currently underway, a search led by the company that discovered Sir Ernest Shackleton's lost ship endurance in 2022. Maybe if the plane is found it will finally provide answers for the families of the passengers and the crew, as with the discovery of the Darba ship. In the end mysteries like the Dragon's Triangle persist because stories help us process tragedies and turn our fears and hopes into something that can be shared, understood, reshaped and relived. For instance in the form of a sea dragon protecting your homeland from fearsome invading armies. We live in a thrall of the ocean's power and beauty and it's undoubtedly a dynamic engine for the workings of our planet. We couldn't live without it, but do we fully understand it? Not really, but that's what makes it so intriguing. A recent review of ocean data suggests that more than 99.99% of the global seafloor has never been seen by humans. This is visual imaging, i.e. stuff we've actually seen, not mapping, but it's still vanishingly small. The bottom line is that the more we learn about the ocean, the more we realize we have yet to learn. So can you see how maybe just maybe 2000 plus years ago in the heyday of Chinese mythology, an underwater volcanic eruption might have been mistaken for a fire-breathing dragon? Magic is only magic until you understand the trick after all. And I would argue unpicking said trick until you understand it harbors its own kind of magic. So if you guessed from the beginning that a closer inspection of the dragon's triangle would debunk it, yeah you were right. But remember this, if it weren't for those stories around strange and wondrous events, we would have no cause to investigate them in the first place. Myths don't just give us thrills and goosebumps, they inspire curiosity, they inspire asking questions, and they inspire science. Let us know in the comments what you think of these theories, and more importantly of the dragon's triangle. Is it scarier than the Bermuda Triangle? Are you buying it at all, or did we miss something? I look forward to reading them all and I'll see you in the next one.