An Introduction to an Urgent Letter

Hey, this is John, and before we get started on today's episode, I wanted to let you know about our new expanded show notes. These are really cool show notes. Now, have chapter by chapter summaries, reflection questions for you to dig deeper. Every time we reference scripture or look at a biblical word, that's all going to be referenced in the show notes. And you can find a link in our episode description. You could also find them in the Bible Project app. All right, here's the show. Welcome to Bible Project Podcast. We just started a series slowly walking through the short New Testament letter of Jude. Or as we've been calling it, the letter of Judah, a man known to be a brother of Jesus. The relatives of Jesus participated in the planting of new house churches overseeing them, and the letter Jude emerges out of that network. This is one of the earliest Christian documents coming from the earliest root of the Jesus movement. The letter itself was an emergency letter that Jude wasn't planning on writing. In fact, Jude was working on a different letter, which he mentions. It's a letter all about our shared rescue. In English, it's our common salvation. The thing that we are all connected to and united in and participate in. How cool would it be to have that letter? It would have been like an early Messianic Jewish biblical theology of salvation. And while we don't have that letter, his biblical theology of salvation leaks out into this letter. It's on his brain. We're going to see an echo of it. Now, the reason for this letter is to address an urgent matter. He wants to warn about dangerous people who have snuck into the larger church network. People he calls irreverent ones. Most other English translations are going to say godless or ungodly. Somebody who doesn't think that god exists, but more importantly, doesn't have any authority over them. That's what he's facing. So this is really then the lead in what the whole rest of the letter is going to be about. The thing is, Jude tells us very little about who these irreverent ones are, what they're up to, what they're teaching. Instead, Jude spends the rest of his letter comparing them to characters and stories in the Hebrew Bible, and also in other second-temple literature. Who they are and what they're doing and the reckoning they're going to have to face. It fulfills an ancient pattern written in the scriptures. So let's learn how to read the scriptures along with him, and it's going to take us to some very surprising and odd corners of the Bible. Today, we continue reading through the letter of Judea together. Thanks for joining us. Here we go. Hey, Tim. Hi, John. Hi. Hi. Working through the letter of Judas. The letter of Judas or Judas. That's right. We're going to call Judas. Letter of Judas. Yes. Yeah, Judas. Yes. This is one of the earliest Christian documents coming from the earliest roots of the Jesus movement. Yeah. Specifically, the movement as it materialized in Jesus' hometown, with his, like, family. Yeah, family members who went back from Jerusalem to Nazareth and the towns around it, and the relatives of Jesus that participated in the planting of new house churches, overseeing them, starting new ones, and the letter of Jude emerges out of that network. Yeah. Yeah. It's so cool to imagine. I forgot to mention in the last conversation one of the best contemporary studies out there on everything to do with the letter of Jude and its background in the social circle of the relatives of Jesus, is by a New Testament scholar and a historian, Richard Bachem. Big fat book. And if anything in the last episode is interesting to you and you want to follow it up in detail, Richard Bachem's work is the place to go. Okay. So what we're going to do now is read the introduction to the letter. And Jude is going to make clear why he's writing, and he's going to highlight the situation that's happening that compelled him to write the letter that he did. What is that situation? And what can we know about it? Not just from the words in this letter, but from anything else in the New Testament. And then we're going to look at the shape of the argument of the letter as a whole, and we'll see how far we get. All right. Sounds good. Yeah. All right. Starting from the beginning. You, with us, a slave of Jesus Messiah and brother of Jacob. So that's the author. Here's the audience. He's writing too. Those who are loved in Father God, and who are kept for or by. Possibly. Jesus Messiah, Jesus Messiah, as those who are called, as called ones. He has three titles for the community that he's writing to. They are those who are loved, those who are kept, and those who are called. Loved, kept and called. Mercy on you all. And peace. And may love be increased. That's the opening of the letter. Okay. So notice the triads here. Judas slave, Jesus, brother of Jacob, that little triad, those who are loved, those who are kept, those who are called. We'll try out. Mercy, peace, love. So it's a triad of triads. The opening line. Triads are a big deal. He's organized everything. Talk about them of this letter in groups of three. And triads interact. Super interesting. Yeah. Just like the Hebrew Bible, actually. There's like most of the books in the Hebrew Bible. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Patterns of organization of three. Anyway, he's been very shaped by the Hebrew Bible works. Yeah, absolutely. But this is very interesting. Loved by the Father, kept. And then this phrase for Jesus Messiah in Greek could signal kept by Jesus Messiah. So you loved in the Father, you're kept by. So kind of with the Father and the Son are partnering. Yeah. However, the way the Greek sentence is structured. And technically it's the case. It's the whole Greek thing. At the form of the name Jesus, it could technically also mean they are kept for Jesus Messiah as those who are called. And the difference between those actually might make more sense as the letter goes on. But this is going to be a letter that's really focused on the expectation of Jesus's return. To come back and set all things right and bring ultimate reckoning and ultimate justice. Okay. So the kept for it might be we're waiting for Jesus to return. And we are the called ones associated with the Messiah. And God is keeping us. Either way, the idea is that he's writing to a community that calls and thinks of itself as those who are loved by the Father, kept in relationship to the Messiah as people who are called. Yeah. So what sense does that make to be kept loved and called? If you get out of concordance, this is so interesting. Those words kept love and called occur uniquely in a high density together in a specific set of poems in Hebrew scriptures. And those poems are found in what is called the Servant of Yahweh section, the Servant of God's section in Isaiah, chapters 40 to 55. Usually we think of the suffering servant who appears here, but the suffering servant is connected to a plural group as well, called the servant or the servants. And these words are connected constantly in this poetry. So here's just a quick sampling. Isaiah chapter 41, verse 8, You Israel, my servant Jacob, whom I have chosen, the idea of calling right there, choosing, you are the offspring of Abraham, my friend. You are the one that I took hold of, the idea of kept or guarding, from the ends of the earth. I have called you from the remotest parts, and I have told you, you are my servant. There's that word, servant or slave. I have chosen you. I've not rejected you. So the only word we don't have here is love, but we have called, servant, and kept or taken hold of, and then you have this idea of choosing and so on. And I just have a bunch of random samples. We could go through many more texts, but this idea of the servant, who is the loved one? So servant Jacob, this is Isaiah 44, verse 2, You are my servant Jacob, you are my beloved one, Israel that I've chosen. Isaiah 42, God says, I have called you in righteousness. I've taken you by your hand, and I'm guarding you. So vocabulary that was used to describe the whole covenant community of Israel, like that made the covenant with God at Mount Sinai. Throughout the history of Israel, the group of people who are actually faithful to the covenant keeps getting smaller, and smaller and smaller, like a subset. And so when you get to the book of Isaiah, all the terms used in Deuteronomy, like a people who are chosen and loved, which is the whole nation, that language gets applied to a smaller and smaller subset within Israel, who like are the chosen love and called ones on behalf of the whole nation. And then you can watch, then how that language from Isaiah gets applied to Jesus in the gospels. Like in the baptism scene where the father says to his son, you are the son, whom I love, with whom you are well pleased. And then you can see in the New Testament, it happens in Paul's letters, but we're watching it happen here in Jude, where that vocabulary then is getting applied to the followers of Jesus, Messiah. So you can kind of follow this chain through. It seems like this is a theme study on the chosen ones. The chosen ones. The chosen ones. Yeah, that's right. Or the loved ones. Or the elect. Or the elect. The elect is the Greek word for the chosen ones. Yeah, this idea of God will choose a group. He chose all of Israel, be my kingdom of priests. And he chose all Israel, which was his way of actually working towards choosing all of humanity, which he had done on page one. Okay, so you can start there. The elect is where we should start. Yeah, I choose all of humanity. You are my image, male and female. That's it. And that's the ideal. That's the ideal. But then the nations blow it, like they as it were forfeit or reject their calling, as the chosen ones. And then Israel, he makes the covenant of Israel, and then they blow it. Right? So the logic of election is important there. And the election is a response to a larger group having received the election. Okay. So in Isaiah, when you get the smaller group, yes. They are like on behalf of all of Israel. Yeah. Being elected. Yeah. On behalf of all of humanity. On behalf of all of humanity. On behalf of on behalf of. Yeah. So then God chooses a subset of that, which is the king from the line of David in Isaiah. Yeah. That's the subset. Now it's an individual. And that individual represents the whole people. And then that individual is then followed by a group called the servence. Yeah. And they are the representatives of the servent. And so what we're seeing here is the subset. Now being applied to the Jesus people. That's it. Okay. Yeah. And because in the prophets of the Hebrew Bible, the idea is God's not satisfied letting all of his people sit in disaster and exile, just like God's not satisfied, letting humanity sit outside of Eden forever. He's going to do something. Yeah. And so that someone who's going to do something is the servent of God in Isaiah, who then start to group called the servent. Yeah. In Isaiah. And they're loved by God. They're called by God. Yeah. Yeah. So Jude is using the language of Isaiah to describe now. Like the new covenant crew. The new covenant and messianic crew. Yeah. I actually use the word Messiah. Those who are loved by the Father God, who are kept for or by Jesus Messiah, as those who have been called. Okay. Yeah. So it's a good example of its insider terminology. Right. Reading the letter of Jude in the New Testament is like walking into a social group that has insider lingo. Yeah. And we're watching the beginning of that informed by the Isaiah school. This is so interesting. He says, loved ones. This is a Gopatoi. Yeah. That's right. Yeah. The beloved. The beloved ones. While making every diligent effort to write to you all, concerning our shared rescue, I have a question. Our shared rescue. I had the need to write to you all, urging that you contend for the faith that was handed down once and for all to the holy ones. So it's pause, right? My English translation is clunky because I'm trying to mirror the flow of the Greek in English. So most English translations would turn this long run on sentence into two separate sentences. All right. But basically, he's saying, I have been working on a letter. Something urgent came up. But then something urgent happened. And I had to write this letter to you. And so he has a description of the letter he wanted to write and then what this letter is. Okay. Yeah. So I've been diligently working on this thing called a letter about our shared rescue. Or in English, it's our common salvation. Yeah. It's the word Greek word coin in the end. Oh, for fellowship. Mm-hmm. But for participation. Okay. Like the thing that we are all connected to and united in and participate in. Yeah. And then our, so theory, salvation. Mm-hmm. So we've been rescued. Mm-hmm. Yeah. And that rescue is something. It's our story. It's our, yeah, our shared rescue. Shared rescue. Yeah. Yeah, did you ever publish this? Yeah. We know that. No, there's no record of it. What's fascinating is, though, I think what we're going to see is snippets of it in the letter to follow. Oh, okay. Meaning it's on his brain. Yeah. So he can't not but write about it in some way. Even though his, yeah. It's really doing in this letter is another thing. Right. We're going to see echoes of it. Okay. Because it's on the brain. So that's what he wanted to do. I mean, I wish we had that letter. Yeah, right. It would have been like an early Messianic Jewish biblical theology of salvation. Mm-hmm. Yeah. That'd be cool. Seriously. Yeah, I wish you'd written. Maybe you did. I don't know. So he said, I was working on that. But I actually had something came up. He calls, I had the need, urgent need to write to you all that you, yep, agonidzo. It's a Greek word for like wrestling. You can hear agonize or word agonize comes from the root of the word that it uses. Except that more now refers to like emotional grief, doesn't it? Agonized over something. Oh, yeah, I guess so. But I could also mean physical toil, right? Agonizing. Agonizing. Paul uses this word, the same word. It refers to the wrestling arena. Like, you know, the Olympic Games. Okay. Think high school wrestling team. That's agonidzo. For urging or for contend? It's the word contend. Okay. Yeah, to strut fight for. Okay. Wrestle for. Okay. Meaning this is an urgent situation and something's wrong. Yeah. And for it to get set right, you're going to need to get into the arena with me. Okay. So I'm emerging you to put in effort and get ready to wrestle. Get ready to wrestle. Yeah. For the faith that was handed down once and for all to the holy ones. So this is interesting contend for the faith, the faith. So what we're looking out here is a use of the Greek word, peace dees. And it gets connected to the verb, Pistevo, which means to trust or believe in, like it occurs all over the New Testament, you know. So if you are contending for the faith, we're talking about the story about Jesus, as we tell it, as a thing that you put your faith in. Yeah. So you could say maybe like a body of belief or convictions. Maybe I'd say doctrine or something like that. Okay. But then also the idea of hearing the story of Jesus and then responding to it, not just like acknowledging it with your mind, but then actually living according to the teachings of Jesus, like Sermon on the Mount, that response was also called by the word peace dees, faith. In which case it meant like loyalty or allegiance, showing allegiance. Wait, so the first one was again? Believing. What you would say is when I tell the story of Jesus, hey, that's the story of Jesus. What am I agreeing to? I'm agreeing to believing that the God of Israel became human in the person of Jesus, Messiah, that he lived, he died, he raised for us and that he's given us his spirit. Okay. I believe that. And that's the faith. Yep, that's Pistis. I believe that. Okay. It's a body of ideas or a story that I trust in. Okay. And then the second one is I am loyal to it. I'm actually like in service of it. You got it. I'm following the way of it. Yep. It directs my, not just what I think about the world, but actually my decision-making, my life choices. Okay. So here's just a handful of other uses of the word the faith, or the phrase the faith that's used in a similar way. So in Acts chapter six, Luke throughout the story of Acts will often pause the story and give these little summary reports about how the, how the Jesus movement was doing. And he puts it this way in Acts chapter six, verse seven, he says, the word of God kept spreading. That meant more and more people were telling the story of Jesus to their friends and neighbors. And the number of disciples continued to increase in Jerusalem. And even a great many of the priests were starting to become obedient to the faith. Interesting. So he just called it the word of God, which means the message about Jesus who comes from God. And that that is spreading because people are telling the story. Yeah. And as they do so, even like priests who are part of the establishment that executed Jesus, people were becoming obedient to the faith. So you're saying it's interesting that there's all of these ideas around who Jesus is and the way of Jesus and people who are loyal to it. And there's a shorthand now just to refer to it. A word. There's one word, the faith. The faith. Which for us, I think when we think of the faith or even think in modern Western culture, people talk about different faiths. Yeah. Meaning different religious traditions that have different belief systems. Even the word belief. There it is. But primarily referring to ideas. What are the ideas or the claim, truth claims about reality? Yeah. Whereas the word faith here in these examples refers not just to the ideas, but also to the way of life that it calls you to, which is this little phrase here in Acts, chapter six. That's why you can become obedient to the faith. Okay. So Paul talks about himself as striving together for the faith of the gospel. Paul uses these phrases of preaching the faith. Or being nourished on the words of the faith. Your most holy faith. My point is it kind of shades in between ideas and a way of life. And it's a way of summarizing the whole package deal. Yeah. Well, this has been used by other people for other package deals. Oh, I see. No, this is uniquely early Christian terminology. This is a uniquely early Christian terminology. Yeah. To be of the faith. Yeah. Okay. So Jude says something has happened that forced me to put down my little biblical theology of salvation. And write this short letter to you, urging you to content, struggle on behalf of the faith. You know, the faith that was handed down. Okay. Once and for all to God's holy people. This whole thing we're doing here saying Jesus is Lord saying that we have this common salvation. This whole thing. Yeah. We're going to wrestle with that. Yeah. Exactly. Yeah. Yep. And why? So what's the crisis and who's behind it? Well, then he has verse four of the letter says because certain people have crept in. It's literally the word for like sneak like think of it like a burglar speaking in. Okay. So certain people have snuck in to our communities. And he has three descriptions of them. Three who clauses. He says first of all, these are people who were long ago written about regarding this judgment. Oh. Okay. So these are people who are going to have to face a stern reckoning for whatever it is they're doing. And actually who they are and what they're doing and the reckoning they're going to have to face like read it all in Hebrew scriptures. Okay. It was written about long ago. Okay. So these are people in our present who are actually living with the way they're living and talking fulfills ancient pattern written in the scriptures. It's very cryptic terminology. Long ago written. Long ago written. The Hebrew Bible. The scriptures. They're in a class of people. Yeah. We're familiar with these people. We know all of them. This crew. Yeah. Who they are is familiar from the scriptures. Okay. Yeah. And what they are headed for if they don't change. Okay. They are irreverent ones. This is my translation. Most other English translations are going to say godless. Oh yeah. Or ungodly. Godless. We've seen that a lot. Yeah. So an iv has ungodly. Ungodly. Ungodly. Ungodly. New American standard. Oh, just ungodly right across. What about King James? Ungodly. Well, there you go. So it's the Greek word. Asebi's. Asebi's. So A means the opposite of something. And sebi's comes from the Greek word, sebi which means about honoring or giving worship or honor to someone who's your superior or usually the gods. So someone who has anti honoring god. So ungodly. That's just that's a weird word in English. Ungodly. Yeah. It became familiar to me in the first kind of social Christian circle I became a part of in my early 20s. So it kind of became familiarized to me. So you refer to people who are wicked. Well, basically somebody who doesn't think that god exists or has, but more importantly, doesn't have any authority over them or wisdom to offer them that I should do what they say. And that's what this word is. What does it mean? Yeah. I don't care about god as my authority or as someone who wants to give me wisdom. I ignore that. That's what Judah calls these people. So irreverent. Yeah, I like that. You're reverent. Because also in common English, ungodly is also used more, more casually to refer to just like an absurd amount of something. Ungodly amount of X. Yeah, that's right. Like so there's this like over done too much. Too much. Oh yeah, that's not what this means. Yeah. So irreverent. I think in English captures the idea of there's a general sense that you should be respectful in certain situations. Like if you go to a funeral, yeah, it would be irreverent to like get drunk at the reception and start telling tales about the person who passed away that are like dishonorable. Right. Like I was so irreverent. Yeah. We all know when you go to a funeral, you honor the memory of the person. So I think that's what I'm trying to capture. Yeah. Is this shared idea that everybody knows that god or the gods exist. And that you should adapt how you live because of that fact to honor them. And these are people who don't live that way. And he goes on and he describes two ways that they dishonor god. So they have altered the grace of our god into a lack of restraint. It's my translation. So two things. They have altered the grace of god. Altered the grace of god, meaning gods given them a gift. God's given them a grace gift. It's very generous. Which is now you can be part of the family of Jesus. The way god looks at you is the way god looks at Jesus. Yes, the grace gift is shorthand for god becoming one with a humanity dying and destroying itself outside of Eden in the person of Jesus. Dying with us and for us. And then raising armassaya from the dead on our behalf. Yeah. As a signal forward of the new creation, the new eternal life. And uniting us into him. Into him. That's the grace gift. The grace gift of god. And they are distorting. Would be also a good English word. When you alter something, you can alter it in a positive direction. Sure. And that's actually this word can be used to change something for the better or for the worse. It's neutral. The verb is neutral. So they are also altering the grace of god. That they're turning it into its opposite. And what they're turning it into is what's called the lack of restraint. It's the Greek word aselgea. Which I think we don't have a good word for this. Here, I'll show you some examples of it. This is what they're turning god's grace into. Okay. So Paul in Romans 13 is inviting the Roman Christians. He says, let us live decently as if it's the daytime. Not in partying and getting drunk. Not in sexual immorality or aselgea. Okay. So, aselgea means order and self-control. So aselgea is a lack of any sense of order or self-control. And here it's associated with just promiscuous sex. Getting drunk and partying. Okay. And actually, that's what all the examples mean in the New Testament. So it's always related to this lack of restraint around how you deal with alcohol and sex. Yep. Yeah. Physical appetites. Yep. That's right. So what does this mean that there's a group of people who are altering the grace, gift of god, and distorting it into a license to party and do whatever you want? Yeah. That's the issue happening. There's people who are joining our church and they're living this way. Yeah. My imagination could fill in the gaps like what that might look like. Yes. Yeah. Okay. So this is really interesting because Paul the Apostle faced a similar problem in the number of the church as he planted. And he talks about this in his letters. So in the book of Romans, he actually mentions it three times. He talks about ways that he's being misunderstood. So in Romans chapter three, he says that he and his like church planning associates are being slandered by other people who claim that Paul says, hey, let's do evil so that good may come out of it. Mm-hmm. Yeah. We got the grace gift. We didn't do anything. We didn't deserve it. We were doing evil. We were doing evil and we got it. God gave us the grace gift of Jesus. Okay. Do more evil. Let's we keep doing evil and God would keep doing good and right. Yeah. And Paul's just like, oh my gosh, that's such a fundamental misunderstanding of what I'm trying to say. And it makes him ticked off. So it's a little moment. He says there in Romans three. You can see him countering that in the opening of Romans chapter six where he says, what should we say then? Should we continue sinning so that God's grace might increase? So the more humanity was violent and self-destructive, the more God showed grace. So wow, I guess if our sin makes God super generous, you can see, you can see the misunderstanding. Right. Here's how Peter describes it two times in his letters. He's in first Peter chapter two for his 16. Live as if you are liberated free people. Yeah. And he's writing to people who are both enslaved and to free. But if you are a member of God's family and live in the community of the Messiah, we are all free when we gather. But be careful not to use your freedom as a covering for evil. Yeah. In the second letter of Peter, he's talking about teachers who promise freedom, but they themselves are slaves to depravity, that is to their corrupted desires. So this was a problem in early Christianity. It's actually, I think it's been a problem actually. People finding an excuse to just do what they want to do. Yeah. In the first century, sexual integrity really didn't have much to do with your belief or allegiance to the Greek-A-Roman gods. Like, the Greek-A-Roman gods don't really care about what you do sexually. What they care about is that you honor them publicly through sacrifices and offerings and prayers. But what does that have to do with your sexual desire? That's like, the gods are just as sexually like... Pramiscuous. Pramiscuous. As humans are. And so it was a uniquely Jewish and then Messianic Jewish Christian conviction that actually sexual behavior is completely woven together with our confession of God as creator. Okay. Of our bodies. And what we do with our bodies matters. I see. You're saying that's more unique. That was the unique thing. That's the unique thing. That's the unique thing. Yes. The people coming in and saying, hey, let's just party and have sex. Yeah. That was kind of just a common idea. That's common. And cool, I'll worship Jesus Messiah. He's a creator of all. Great. You say he's the chief deity of all other deities and the king of the universe. Sweet. I'll come to these meals and bring my offerings. But what does that have to do with Friday nights when I go down to the Apollo temple and get drunk with my friends and we have sex with the cult prostitutes there? Like, what's the connection? I don't see it. So this is the crew saying that? This is the crew saying that. And they are beginning to influence others. Okay. That's the second thing that he says about them. And then the third thing he says is, by distorting the grace of God, they are denying our only master in Lord Jesus Messiah. They may not say it. But by their lack of restraint, they are denying our only master in Lord. So there's two words here, master in Lord. One is curious Lord, which is the standard title for Jesus in all new testament literature. The Lord. The Lord. It's the word used in Greek-speaking Jewish culture to talk about the divine name. Yahweh. Oh. Okay. So, Kyrgyz Lord was the way Greek Jews translated Yahweh. Mentioned the divine name because they didn't pronounce Yahweh when they read the scriptures, but they would say Kyrgyz. And they have deep roots in Jewish tradition. But Judah has another title here, the word master. And it's the Greek word despoce. It's actually a term that Jesus used regularly in his parables. Whenever Jesus talks about a household manager or the ruler of a household, he's using this word, called despoce, which means the household masterhouse. Yah, yah. But this word despoce used as a title for Jesus appears precisely two times in the new testament to describe Jesus. And it's right here. And then in a letter that is connected to Judah in second Peter, in a passage that's almost identical to this one that we're reading here. Otherwise, in early Christianity, Jesus was called Kyrgyz. Hundreds of times in the New Testament. This is rare. This is very rare to call him despoce. And lo and behold, this is the term that was used in the last episode by the relatives of Jesus who were talked about in second and third century early Christian historical sources. The unique group of the relatives of Jesus who had honored status in the first couple generations of Christianity, they were called the despoce, those who were belonging to the despoce. That is, so unique word for Jesus. And it's unique word for their crew. It's a unique word for their crew. So Judah calls him by both terms. He's both the despoce, like he's my relative. But he's also my master. I grew up with this guy. Yeah. And but he's my master. Yeah, yeah. I get that because they had this identity of we grew up with this guy. He's part of our household in a unique way. Yeah, exactly. And so we kind of have this unique name that we use. Yeah, yeah, it's cool. It is super cool. So that's why he wrote the letter. I wasn't going to write a biblical theology of salvation. But I heard about these guys. I heard about this crew. And this is really then the lead in what the whole rest of the letter is going to be about. So what introduction is like, here's me. Yeah. Here's you. Grace mercy and peace. Okay. Then he's the beloved ones. Here's what I wanted to write. But now here's what I had to write. And I need you to contend, to struggle for the faith. Hand it down to the holy ones. Because certain people have crept in. There's three things about them. Who they are, what they're like. And the judgment they're going to face. Was written about long ago. Their irreverent. They distort God's generosity. Therefore, they deny the master. Those are the three things. Those three ideas are going to get unpacked in detail in what follows. So verse four is the lead in to all of the body of the letter versus five through 19. Long, complex. This is where all the hyperlinking Hebrew Bible awesomeness comes into play. But then he's going to come back in verse 20. And use the same word he used at the beginning of verse three. They'd be the love of ones. And the only positive challenges he gives to his churches are in verses 20 to 23. Which is a whole bunch of really cool invitations he makes to build yourselves on the faith, keep yourselves in the love of God, keep waiting for the return of Jesus. It's really cool. But this seems to be the follow-up to this phrase struggling for the faith. And the positive struggling for the faith gets filled out in verses 20 to 23. And then he comes back and does that little doxology at the very end there. So the letter actually has a fairly simple overall kind of like argument structure. When you're just reading it through, it can be easy to get lost. Because here's what he does in the body of the letter. He sets two little triads in front of you. Two paragraphs where he gives you three biblical patterns or analogies. He links together the rebellion of the spies in the wilderness, that story from the Torah. He links numbers. Yep. He links that story with the rebellion of the sons of God, the spiritual beings. Oh, Jesus six. Who come down to the daughters of Adam, Genesis six. Then he links that to the story of Sodom and Gomorrah. And then he goes on to say, that's what these people coming into your churches are like. Then he links them to three more patterns. He says these people are like Cain, they're like Baylam, and they're like Korah from the wilderness stories. Correct. And then he says a little paragraph of, that's here's how these people are like them. Yeah. So these are sort of like his Hebrew Bible. Yeah, design. They were written about long ago design patterns. And this section is so cool because it's a window into how Judah reads his Bible. Actually, what he says is you already know all this. That's what he says at the beginning of this paragraph is, even though you already know all this, let me just remind you. And then he starts doing all this hyperlinking. And verse 14, he shifts from Hebrew Bible and he quotes two prophecies. One is ancient, one is more recent. An ancient one he quotes is from the book of Enoch. Prophesy from Enoch. So we'll talk all about that. Then he quotes a recent prophecy, which is from the apostles. And by that, I mean, I think he means the founding generation of like the Jerusalem based people to whom Jesus appeared. Maybe he means the 12. And we'll talk about that. We're going to get to that quotation. And then he says, like they were talking about the East people who have come into our midst. So that's essentially the structure of the letter. And this middle section here, these little paragraphs he writes are the fruit of somebody who's read the Hebrew scriptures in a particular way. What's that way? Yeah. And what that way is, is what we've been trying to put language to about hyperlinking and design patterns. Right. Meditation literature. And the Hebrew Bible is Jewish meditation literature. And when you read it that way, all of a sudden, it's like a lot of things to start clicking together. Yeah. But then he also is using a wider library of Jewish literature as a part of his toolkit for making sense of the Hebrew scriptures and of their current situation. And so we'll talk about that. What's the value of that? You got it. So the letter of Jude slash Judah is a very special window, not just into a church community network from the first century connected to the relatives of Jesus. That's awesome enough. But it also is a great little window into how they read their scriptures and then connected it to Jesus. And that's the thing that we've been after for a long time. Yeah. The Bible project, right? Our mission to read the Bible is a unified story that leads to Jesus. That's how Judah read the Hebrew scriptures. So let's learn how to read the scriptures along with him. And it's going to take us to some very surprising and odd corners of the Bible. But that is our mission should we choose to accept it. Thanks for listening to Bible Project Podcast. Next week, we're going to look at how Jude references three rebellion stories in the Hebrew Bible and applies those stories to the people in his community. Where does he get this technique from? This way of moving between past, scripture, and then seeing patterns and then applying it to these people. This is actually a really specific Jewish teaching technique that has unique roots in the Hebrew Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls. Bible Project is a crowdfunded nonprofit and we exist to help people experience the Bible as a unified story that leads to Jesus. And everything that we create is free because it's been paid for by generous people just like you. Thank you so much for being a part of this with us. 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