Are Vaccines Still In?

The Dispatch Podcast is presented by Pacific Legal Foundation, suing the government since 1973. Welcome to The Dispatch Podcast. I'm Steve Hayes, and on this week's roundtable, we talk with Dr. Emily Oster, a dispatch contributor and professor of economics at Brown University, about her recent piece for The Dispatch, a new vaccine and dietary health guidelines, and the criticism she received when she praised one of those policies. Then Kevin Williamson, Mike Warren, and I discussed the arrest of Don Lemon following a protest inside a Minnesota church, the president's proposal to cap credit card interest fees, and the challenge of covering someone like RFK Jr. And finally, not worth your time, Southwest Airlines policy change. Lots of strong opinions about that, including a couple of us on the panel. So let's dive right in. Welcome, Emily. You wrote a terrific piece for The Dispatch last week, looking at two recent decisions from Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy announced within days of one another. And I want to ask you about your analysis in that piece broadly in a moment. But first, let's go through those announcements in order, if we can. In early January, HHS announced that it was trimming the lists of vaccines recommended for children. Why did they do this, in your view, and what are the potential implications? So the HHS trimmed the list of recommended childhood vaccinations from like 17 to about 11. This was totally, as we're saying, it's like totally outside of a normal process for this. So HHS does, the CDC does have a process for reviewing vaccines. It involves a committee called the ACIP. This was outside of that process, like unilateral decision from the health secretary. And if you ask me why, I think the answer is because they felt like it, you know, because RFK and a number of other people feel that there were too many vaccines. And so they made this decision based on that. The practical implication was the removal of a number of vaccines from kind of universally recommended to some category that's like, talk about it with your doctor. that included the flu vaccine for kids, also rotavirus, the hepatitis B vaccine, and a few others. So unilateral change because of some objections to vaccines by people in the administration is, I think, the simplest explanation. I mean, obviously, this is not new territory for RFK Jr. He's been talking about this for decades. He's developed a reputation of somebody who was willing to share information that was, shall we say, not evidence-based and amplified various conspiracies about vaccines repeatedly over the years. He made his reputation about it, arguably one of the main reasons he was chosen by President Trump. What effect does this have? Their defense would be, hey, we're just giving people more options. We're not telling people what they have to do. This is really just giving people more options. We're respecting freedom of choice. How do those arguments sit with you? Interestingly, the other thing they have said quite a lot is that this is designed to restore trust in vaccines, which for me is literally the opposite. So I think this is both designed and in practice will erode trust in vaccines broadly. I think it will make it more difficult for people to get vaccines, but also is going to cause a variety of people to think, well, why did you change this? You must have changed it because these are dangerous. Well, maybe all vaccines are dangerous. So not only am I not going to get the rotavirus, but maybe I won't get the MMR, the DTaP or any of the things that are still on the recommended schedule. This is also going to make it much easier for school districts and states to say, you know, we're not going to require vaccines for kids. And so I think the ultimate implication of this is we've already seen a fairly large decline in vaccination rates. We will continue to see that decline across all vaccines, not just the ones that have changed recommendation status. To that point, Florida Surgeon General Joseph Ladipo announced not long ago that Florida Department of Health will be, in partnership with the governor, he takes pains to say, will be working to end vaccine mandates in Florida law. Is this sort of the next step? Is this where this kind of logically goes? Yeah, this next step, I think, is to end the vaccine mandates in schools. And we really know that vaccine mandates in schools are very important at propping up vaccination rates, at keeping vaccination rates high. So the implication will be, you know, some states will continue to have these mandates in schools and will continue, I think, to enforce kind of to have their own vaccine schedules. Enforce is maybe the wrong word, but they will have their own recommended sets of vaccines. They will have mandates in schools and then there will be other states that don't have that. And we will see a sort of bifurcation of of places where we where we haven't up till now. How just on a basic level, sort of in plain English level, I'm the parent of four kids ranging from college to elementary school. And I'm not sophisticated about these issues. I read the newspaper. I follow what you do. But I'm no expert. How worried should I be about the implications on this for my own kids and then, you know, down the road for my kids' kids? I mean, I think the sort of positive news for individual parents on this is most of the vaccines we have are actually so good and safe that they are going to protect your kids, even if other people are not vaccinated and even if there are outbreaks of disease. So from the standpoint of an individual parent, I think, you know, you should be a little worried about vaccine access. But for the most part, if you want to get your kids vaccinated, which I hope you do, you will continue to be able to. The place I really worry is for families with sort of fewer resources, with less contact with the doctors in the first place, and where these messages of misinformation may get ingrained a bit more. You know, that's those are the populations who already have a fair amount of health inequality across the U.S. I would imagine that this is going to make that worse, which is not good. So the second set of recommendations that you focused on in your piece was this nutrition guideline, diet nutrition guidelines, the food pyramid, or in this case, the inverted food pyramid. And you had a slightly different view on those recommendations. Can you share with us your reaction to what you saw from HHS on that? Yeah. So I thought those recommendations were pretty good. So one thing is the recommendations are very similar to what we had before. So they're actually for all of the kind of commentary about the inverting of the pyramid and the size of the steak and the pyramid and so on. That actually, if you read the text of the recommendation, it doesn't move very far from what has been true for a long time. Emphasis on real food, emphasis on fruits and vegetables, emphasis on, you know, on whole grains. I mean, we you know, there are some small differences, but it's mostly very, very similar. And I will say, I thought the simplification of the advice to go from, you know, 175 pages to 10 is really good for messaging. I mean, I spend a lot of my time trying to message people. And I can tell you, like, you tell people something and it's on page 58 of a 175-page document, they don't see it. You tell them the same thing on page 4 of a 10-page document, they might see it. And that's actually like, you know, the administration made a big deal about shortening these guidelines. And I will say I thought that was a like, broadly, I probably I thought this was very good. Yeah. And the specific example you gave in the piece you wrote for us was on allergens, introducing allergens to kids at an earlier age, which is something you said had gotten buried in the past, was more evident in the short version of the document. It's very clear in the short version of the document is something that, you know, if every parent introduced these allergens early on in life, you know, it's sort of four to six months, we would see a dramatic reduction in food allergies, which is something that, you know, if your kid has a food allergy, it's really constraining. It can be very dangerous. And so that's something, again, I think just showing it to people really clearly and to plain English on page four. I like it. What was the, I mean, there were, again, this is not my area of expertise, although some people would say I'm an expert in food. I certainly consume a lot of it. I eat a lot of protein. I was very happy to be told that I should probably be eating more protein, more steaks for me. You wrote about this in the New York Times, and you had this to say about protein. The new guidelines suggest 50 to 100% more protein, 1.2 to 1.6 grams per kilogram. For someone weighing 180 pounds, this might mean adding the amount of protein that you might find in seven ounces of chicken breast or 10 eggs. So I love eggs. I already eat a lot of them. And, you know, we'll just say for the sake of discussion, we'll just say I'm around 180, roughly 180 with roughly doing a lot of work there. error bars, Steve, there are error bars on this. That's right, exactly. If I want to be healthier, and I read this in the shortened version of this document, should I basically just add an omelet to every meal and I'm going to be better? How should we read this? Yeah, I think it's complicated because for a couple of reasons in terms of how people should read it. So one is another point I make in that piece is that actually protein, these protein needs are well suited for people who have like something of an active lifestyle. So if you are sort of sedentary person, actually don't need that much protein, you'll probably be fine with what you had before. The other thing is when people add protein, they kind of need to substitute something else. So this is this advice I think could be read as like add protein, but keep everything else the same. In practice, what they mean is add protein and take away something else, carbs or fat to kind of keep you at the same caloric density. So I wouldn't just like add a ton of eggs. I think closer, the advice is closer to, you know, replace, you know, replace your breakfast cereal with eggs, which would up the protein content and probably lower the sugar content, which is another piece of this. Or begin resistance training in a way that I don't do it now. Or do some exercise. Do some exercise, yes. More exercise. I could probably do well with both of those things. I will say most Americans are already eating more than the old guidelines, although a bit less than the new guidelines in terms of protein. One of the things I loved about your piece, and I sent you a note about this separately, you got some grief for what you wrote in The New York Times, which was favorable about these guidelines in general. And maybe if you could explain to us why you got the grief you got and how you thought about giving, you know, offering some praise to the administration and to somebody like RFK Jr., who has this reputation of being a conspiracy theorist and amplifying bad information. Yeah. So I think a good way to describe the grief is an email from someone who's a professor, like a professor at a place that you've heard of. And, you know, he said, I can't believe you would write this. First of all, why didn't you comment in this piece on dietary guidelines on vaccines? Like, why didn't you mention that there should be, you know, that his choice on vaccines was bad? And also sort of like, how can you be saying that something that this person has done is good? You know, we should be consistently just criticizing this, criticizing this administration more or less no matter what. And I think there was a tenor of that in a lot of the more complicated feedback I got, which was just by saying that something they've done is not awful. You are sane washing the administration. You are kind of making them seem normal and that that will cause people not only to feel that their dietary guidelines are reasonable, but also to, you know, give more credence to the other things they say and that that's, you know, that that is bad. and you know I thought a lot about that piece of criticism I don't agree with it but I think it's I find it to be an interesting perspective and I think it gets for me as I as wrote in this piece at what is very hard about public health messaging well you can understand why somebody would want to say I mean who's if you believe that the guidance that we're getting on vaccines from RFK and I you know I don't think anybody thinks that what we've seen so far is where this ends and I think We're likely to continue to see additional damage. Why you might be sympathetic. You've devoted your life to public health or the study of vaccines, the distribution of vaccines. Why you might say, boy, we can't do anything at all to enhance this guy's credibility. And by saying that he's right about this or that this was smart because they've shortened the document, you're lending credibility that he shouldn't have because now more people are going to be inclined to believe him. when he says the things that he says about vaccines. But your argument, as I understand it, was, look, we just need to be honest about the data. We need to be honest about what we're seeing and give straightforward explanations and people trust that people can consume them. Is that an accurate sort of description of your argument? Yeah, yeah. I mean, I think my ultimate feeling on this is, you know, your job as a public health communicator, if you want people to, like, if you think you're giving good advice, and I think I generally am giving good advice and analysis, I would like people to trust me. The most important thing is that I retain people's trust. And the most important thing for retaining people's trust is to say things that are true. And if you say things that are not true, even if there's a good reason for it, if you say something that's not true and people find that out, you lose people's trust. And trust is very easy to lose and it's very hard to get back once you've lost it. And so for me, the trade-off here is I agree. It's not that I disagree that there's a little bit of transfer of kind of credibility and trust to the administration when you say something they did is good. And that's just the reality. But I think it is outweighed by the fact that by being honest about what's good and what's not good, I built people's trust. And then they are more likely to trust me on the on the vaccine point and so i you know i that's how i'm seeing the trust trade-off and that's for me why it's not actually very good to just continually say you know everything this person says is insane you know if rfk goes on he says the sky is blue and you're going to come out and you're going to say you know the sky is not blue like what a idiot he didn't look at it today it was gray you know what kind of dumb dumb is this and people are not going to trust you they're going to think you're just a shill who always says this guy is wrong right isn't there a third option though of just saying nothing like you didn't have to write the new york guys piece and you could say like yeah i don't really want to do it i don't really want to do it yeah i think that is that there is an option of saying nothing um and i think that there's a actually there's a strong temptation to always say something and i think that we have to be like one has to be a bit careful about the set of things that one comments on in this particular case for me in the lane of stuff I talk a lot about is both like what's the what about both diet and vaccines actually very hard to say and I think this is true for many organizations sort of hard to say nothing because these are both things that are like core if you know if somebody comes out and says here's our Ukraine policy I'm not going to comment on that that's not in my wheelhouse and I don't know anything about it yeah I mean you know we we dealt with this to a did where, you know, you had something, if we would say, hey, what Donald Trump said on, you know, issue X makes some sense or would be an improvement from what we've seen, the performance of the Biden administration, we get criticism from people who would say, just what you heard, you can't praise him, you can't say anything good about him. And I think for most people, the response, the recommendation was, therefore, you should be offering praise to Joe Biden, or at least not criticizing Joe Biden. And certainly as we followed, you know, the president's mental acuity and the challenges he had with speaking and, you know, getting out real sentences, there's an obligation, I think, to when you do what we do in this case, what you do when you're writing about these issues, just to call it exactly how you see it, regardless of what the potential implications are. Yeah, because people, the people that you're speaking to are saying this, you know, they're not. I mean, again, I think this is really about respecting the intelligence and reasoning of the people to whom you are communicating. You know, they're smart and we got to tell them the truth. Yep, exactly. Well, as I said in my note to you, I love your piece because I thought the substantive analysis was great. But your last four paragraphs, it's hard for me to think of another piece that better sort of captured why we launched the dispatch six and a half years ago. So we appreciate your piece. We appreciate that argument. And we appreciate you taking some time with us here today. It's a pleasure to be here. All right. We're going to take a quick break, but we'll be back soon with more from the Dispatch Podcast. And we're back. You're listening to the Dispatch Podcast. Let's jump in. Mike, Kevin, thanks for joining me. Let's start at the end of the conversation that I just had with Emily Oster about the sort of obligation that she feels to to tell the truth, even if it lends credibility to to the Trump administration or the arguments you're making. As it happens, Kevin, we have an argument from you today that in some ways does the same thing. You made an argument about Don Lemon's arrest that certainly was not my view, but it was a pretty darn persuasive argument. Why don't you walk people through the argument and let us know what why did you think to write this? I have a sort of longstanding bugaboo about licensing journalists or even implicitly licensing journalists. Part of Don Lemon's defense of himself was that he wasn't in this church. He was arrested after a protest at a church in St. Paul as part of the anti-I stuff there in Minnesota. Was that he wasn't there as a protester or as an activist? He was there in his role as a journalist. As I said in the piece, he didn't say he was a good journalist. So we don't have to argue with him about that. But anyone anyone can say they are a journalist and that's fine. But the thing is, our law doesn't really, in most cases, have any carve outs for someone for being a journalist. So, for instance, there are a lot of things you can do that are against the law in the course of pursuing a story, most of which we've all done at one time or another. you know trespassing or recording a conversation maybe in a place that's a two-party consent state where you're not really supposed to without explicitly disclosing it to the other person or in my case leaving a tape recorder on in a in a briefcase in a city council when they were going into executive session and i was curious about what was going on in there and they were kind of abusing their executive session uh discretion but that doesn't mean that you don't go to jail for that stuff we get arrested for it because you're a journalist i remember i was working there's a couple of photographers i worked with when i was in college we were covering the um branch davidian standoff at waco texas in this let's give you an idea of my age uh some people some people that sounds like normandy right just so long ago and um you know the fbi and the feds there had uh had this you know perimeter set up and all that and i had a couple of good photographers who worked with me and they were army crawling you know past where they were supposed to be and they were going to go to this cult compound and take some pictures. And of course, they got spooked down on and thrown in jail. We had to go bail them out of jail. We don't license journalists, and that's a good thing because what the First Amendment protects is not a class of people. It protects an activity, which is speaking and publishing, criticizing the government, making information public So journalists by tradition and discretion often don get prosecuted for some things that could be prosecuted for like receiving classified information Almost all of us who done any kind of journalism work at one time or another received some document that might not have been you know top secret X and skulls and crossbones on the cover But, you know, something that's that's to some extent confidential. And we all get that stuff. Theoretically, you can be prosecuted for that stuff. theoretically we should be open to prosecution for that stuff. I think journalists have to follow the law like anyone else or break the law like anyone else and deal with the consequences of breaking the law. So the thing about the First Amendment is it gives the same rights to Don Lemon if he's there as an activist or a protester or a journalist or someone who's writing a book or any other kind of First Amendment protected activity. The case against him is that he was there in the church disrupting a religious service and he stayed after he was specifically asked to leave. One of the great ironies of this is that this is going to offend a lot of our progressive friends, but it's part of a law that was passed on largely democratic energy back in the 1990s to protect abortion clinics and specifically to discourage, you know, rowdy and rambunctious and at times lawbreaking protests outside those clinics. so typically if someone was invading a clinic space in the course of protesting the activities going on inside they would be typically up for like a local trespassing charge or something like that and activists for various reasons wanted to create a federal case of action for that which is what the so-called face act i hate federal stupid congressional acronyms by the way a patriot act is the worst face act is a pretty bad one i i i those things made me just cringe but anyway and uh Republicans said, OK, well, we'll go with you on this. But we also want to protect religious observances. And no one thought too much about it. But it is a specific federal crime to disrupt a religious service in that way. I think it's a dumb law. And I think one of the best things you can do with dumb laws if they're not, you know, if they're not capital offenses is go ahead and prosecute people for them, because that kind of really sheds light on the fact that it is a dumb law and a law that probably should be revisited. But I think the journalists who choose to break the law are like people who engage in civil disobedience, that they may be doing it for a good cause. One can admire the cause or not admire the cause, but that doesn't change the fact that part of the deal of civil disobedience or any other willful lawbreaking is that you go to jail for it. You pay the price in some way. And this goes back from Martin Luther King to Ahandas Gandhi to Henry David Thoreau before that. Probably worth noting that a lot of the great people involved in famous acts of civil disobedience over the years were journalists also. You know, Gandhi was a newspaper editor. Yeah, so I think it's silly law, but it's probably worth enforcing it in this case. And if only to bring our attention to it and to avoid this program of sort of licensing journalists by implication. And the reason I don't want to create special protections for journalists is because that way someone in the government has to decide who gets this protection and who doesn't. And that amounts to government licensing of journalists. And we don't want government licensed journalists. We want journalism to be something anyone can do without any special license or permission structure. Did I just say permission structure instead of permission? Who am I, Jonah Goldberg? Yeah, we don't want licensure of journalists, I think. Brain surgeons, sure. Pediatric doctors, yeah, we can license those guys. There's a couple of other professions that probably ought to be licensed. Journalists and hair braiders, not that I have really strong views on hair braiding, probably can get by without federal oversight. Let me ask you one more question on the substance of your argument, And then I want to circle back to why you choose to make it in a way that I think picks up on the conversation I was having with with Emily. Two federal judges disagreed with you, found that there was a cause for prosecuting. And one of those judges, Patrick Schiltz, who was, I believe, had worked for Scalia. He's a conservative, wrote this. Some of the protesters, quote, were not protesters at all. Instead, they were a journalist and his producer. There is no evidence that those two engaged in any criminal behavior or conspired to do so. So it sounds like he's making precisely the distinction that you think is false. And he's a conservative jurist. What accounts for the differences in the way that you look at that? And are you persuaded by or does it give you pause that he's making an opposite argument? We could do an experiment. I can go to his house at 11 o'clock tonight and let myself in the front door and start asking him questions. And when he tells me to leave, I'll say, no, I'm here in my role as a journalist. And if the police come and put me in jail, which they will, I'm right and he's wrong. That stands to reason. Is that good enough? I think that stands to reason. I mean, there's no religious component there. But, I mean, just on a pure trespassing prosecution, he would be. Which is what this is. I mean, it's a trespassing case. Yeah, I mean, it's the indictment. So there's a 12 page charging document that is it is it it's written in such way, even if I accept the the sort of your argument on its merits. The the document laying out the indictments are silly, like hilariously stupid. Yes. And I and I fully expect that this will never get passed to judge. And there's all there's 10 different reasons the judge can throw this out. you know lemon's going to go in and say this is protectual it is he's going to say it's selective prosecution of course it's politically motivated yep all these things he's got an excellent case for all that stuff and um and i fully expect that some judge will see that or and if a judge doesn't a jury certainly will it seems to me extraordinarily unlikely that um lemon would be convicted of a crime in this matter um if the law says what it says and it's lost it's worth it's worth dotting the i's and crossing the t's to go through it i i've been sort of monologizing monologizing here a little bit um but if i could just address one of emily points emily's points earlier because you asked her um you know why why write that new york times piece when it could seem like you're you're praising uh these people and don't we have to be uh don't we have to be sort of which is something that you did with this piece i would say right yeah yeah there are two different ways thinking about that one is that i think our role as journalists and as opinion journalists specifically, is just to say what we actually think about stuff and not to try to be like clever political consultants about it. And because we're in the journalism business, not the political comms business. And those are just different things. So I'm not running a political campaign. I'm not trying to get someone elected or unelected or change people's minds about Trump or anybody else. That's not what I do exactly. But I think there's questions of specificity, right? I have an analogy I like to use sometimes. So say you have a friend who just refuses to save for his retirement. He never saves for his retirement, but every Friday he buys a lottery ticket. And he says, I'm just going to win the lottery and that's how I'm going to retire. And you say, this is stupid. This is a terrible plan. This is not how you're going to retire. Don't worry, I'm going to do it. Years and years go by, he doesn't win the lottery. And then wouldn't you know it, a month before his retirement date, he gets a billion dollar Powerball jackpot. He's got a billion dollars in his pocket now. He's far wealthier than you are. He's far wealthier than the people who saved for their retirement. Was that a good plan? No, it was a stupid plan. It's just a plan that happened to work out well in spite of being stupid. And so when people ask me, well, don't you like this about the Trump administration? Don't you like that about the Trump administration? Don't you like this thing? Honestly, there aren't very many things that I feel very conflicted about on that stuff. But if every now and then they come up with something that I do like, that's that's a perfectly happy outcome for me. But, you know, if you sent a rabid chimpanzee on methamphetamine to my house and it just happened that he handed me, you know, a copy of a book I wanted to buy and walked away, I'd be happy to have the book, I'm sure. But I don't want the rabid chimpanzee on methamphetamine in my house. Mike, would you let the rabid chimp on methamphetamine in your house if he said he was a journalist? Well, obviously, the answer is yes. And I will be taking no follow up questions on that. But I was actually going to propose a question to both of you about this subject. I think we're getting into a meta situation here, which is talking about the work that we do and what our role is. And one thing that is always everyone's favorite thing, by the way, to hear us talk about ourselves and our deep thoughts about our jobs. I will say that I think I think dispatch members do like to know kind of how the sausage is made a little bit. I think this is helpful as well for us to have a good understanding of how other people view how we do our work. So, Kevin, I totally agree with you. It is a very frustrating aspect of this job, particularly in the last decade, where there is an expectation that as journalists, we are supposed to be doing some kind of positioning in order to affect a certain outcome when all we're doing is trying to tell the truth. And I think what Emily said in her remarks at the beginning of this podcast was so, I mean, I wrote it down. It's like it's the most dispatchian worldview, right, that we say that what the truth is or what we view the truth is and based on the evidence that we have without sort of favor or fear. I find that I exclude sort of most, if not all dispatch members for this, but I do find that over the years that there is an expectation from audience members that cuts against that kind of that worldview that that we want to see sort of our viewpoints reflected back to us by what you write or what you say in a podcast or on TV or radio interviews. and that is something that doesn't necessarily affect my work and and i don't think it affects either of your work as well but it it seems like it's a force that is very powerful and it sort of dictates a lot of i mean this is what we talk about audience capture for right the audience wants to see these things and they they it's it's like they they almost give us more power than we have by suggesting that by saying something that we believe is true. If I agree, and I tend to agree with Emily's view of the new nutrition guidelines, for instance, on the whole, pretty good, some silliness about beef tallow aside, which is such a trendy, stupid Instagram trendy thing. But just by saying that, that giving comfort and aid to the enemy, that you are somehow falling down. It's just a powerful force. I'm curious how you two have felt that. I have a feeling, Kevin, you really don't care about that pressure. And I'm not saying I do, but it's powerful. And it's something I feel like we need to sort of talk about as an industry, if not as just a company. Not to be modest, but Kevin don't care is generally a safe bet. I know. I know you, Kevin. I'll say it's interesting because I would say for a long time, decades even, I basically held the view that you do, Kevin, that people generally aren't interested in what journalists do. They're interested in the product, in what we provide them, the reporting, the information, and maybe, to Mike's point, in the affirmation. And I will say that's one area where I've pretty dramatically changed my mind over the years. And I was probably slow to get to it. And Jonah had, in fact, Jonah and I had this conversation or a version of this conversation a number of times in the years leading up to the launch of the dispatch. And I think we both thought that we were wrong. I would go out of my way not to talk about sort of how the sausage is made, you know, how we do what we do, why people should trust us and certainly try to avoid the self-congratulations that I find so annoying that so many journalists engage in kind of all the time. And so I would give, you know, if I if I would give speeches, you know, whether it's sort of local rotary club or a men's Christian group or a paid speech to bankers or whomever, I would go out of my way to avoid talking about journalism and what we do. And invariably, the first two or three questions when I finished were about journalism and how we do what we do. And people wanted to know, you know, I feel like there's nowhere I can go. I can't trust anybody. Who do you read, Steve? How do you determine who's trustworthy and who's not? On and on. And over the years, I think in particular in building the dispatch with you all, I think there's great utility in actually walking people through. You can overdo it and it can be self-indulgent and certainly try to avoid the self-congratulatory stuff. Just letting people in on how the process works. there's a big gap between how we understand what we do and how the people who consume journalism broadly understand what we do. I remember being totally shocked when after a speech one time, I got a question about anonymous sourcing. And it was one of those, I got this question and I answered it and the question came back and it was obvious we weren't understanding one another. And we weren't understanding one another because this person who was asking me the question was under the impression that I didn't know who my anonymous sources were. And how could you possibly quote somebody if you don't know who they are? And I finally said, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, wait, like, I try not to use anonymous sources, but in certainly my national security and intelligence reporting days, I did. And I knew exactly who the anonymous sources were. I wouldn't use anonymous sources unless I had previously worked with them and they had a track record of credibility. And, you know, I put in the time, I put in the effort, but this it was this gap in understanding. And certainly the person who asked me the question on that occasion wasn't the only person to do this. I was going to say, most people don't realize this either, that typically not only do you, the reporter, know who resources, but your editor usually knows, too. Because when you turn in a piece with some anonymous source making some claim, that's interesting. An editor is going to say, you know, who the hell is this? And is it your Bob or what? Can I insert just another element of that, which people don't understand? So, for instance, when I was at CNN for four years and we had specific editors who were trained and deputized to authorize single source, anonymous single sources. And it was not an easy thing. It was not simply go like to go on TV or to publish something at the website that had a single source for for a particular fact. A particular editor in a small group of them had to authorize that. And it was a process and they were not always authorized. And I think just to add to this conversation, people don't quite understand on the consumer side how that works. And it's maybe important for us to be more vocal about that. Yeah. And I will say, you know, we've done we've spent a bit more time trying to let people see into the reporting process than I would have done 15, 20 years ago, in part because people don't know who they can trust. They don't know whether to judge something as reliable or not. And our view is the more transparent we are about the process, the more likely it is that they'll understand what we're doing and why we're doing it. It's why I encourage folks to our, you know, our writers and editors to go in the comments. And if people have legitimate questions about the way that we put something together, like we should go in there and answer them and probably not going to be able to do every answer every question every time. But I think if people have real questions or want to go a click further, we should we should help them do that. So it is one of the things that I've most changed my mind on over the past decade of doing this. And I actually have gotten to the point where I think it's pretty important to let people in on that. I am a little bit charmed sometimes by the mystery that sometimes attends to our profession. I remember being young when I first started meeting people in finance, people who worked Wall Street, they worked at hedge funds, things like that. And I was just mystified by what they did. And I thought there was some magical body of knowledge and skills they had that took years to master this arcane thing. And after I got to know some of them and talked about what their work was and all that, I was like, oh, I kind of get what you do now. And there's nothing it can be hard and it requires intelligence and creativity and sometimes some good luck. But there's no there's nothing obscure about it. I try to explain to people sometimes that all we typically do is go out and talk to people and write down the stuff they say and try to figure out if it's true and look around and look at public reports and records and see what our eyes tell us and and just do normal things. Normal person would and then try to put it into some kind of, you know, useful prose for people to consume. It's just that we do this all the time for a living rather than just doing it as some part of our lives. You know, on the anonymous source thing in that way, I speak to a lot of journalism students, which is unfortunate for them because I usually start off telling them to change their majors. And often they're too far along to do that. But what I always tell them is like, as far as profession goes, you know, as far as our work goes, just imagine you're drawing a circle and everything inside that circle is the stuff that's relevant to your work and what you do as a journalist. you just don't have any friends in that circle. You just can't. That's the first rule. It's just no friends. You know, we write what we write. We believe what we believe. We try to tell the truth as we see it. And we try to stay away from partiality. Can I just button this up? Because the bigger question beyond journalism and reporting is the question of communication. And I think Emily made this point that, you know, she errs on the side of communicating what she believes is true. and not worrying about sort of playing politics, small p politics with it. And I do think, and this is maybe a little naive, a little hopeful, but I tend to operate on the naive and hopeful side of things just because otherwise it would be nothing but despair. Despair is a sin. Is that in the long run, actually credibility comes when you say the thing that people, are going to get mad about. Again, if it's true, if you're not grifting, if you're not simply being a contrarian, but you're trying to communicate what is true, in the short run, you will have people gnashing their teeth over something that helps the other side or the wrong side and these sorts of things. But as I think she was getting at on the margins, the people you're actually trying to communicate with, it actually reveals and tells and signals, to use a business school word, signals to those people, this person's on the level because they're telling me something that might be against their own preferred preference or interest because they believe it's true. Well, and also, I mean, life is complicated. Life is messy. Like, you have to, like, the job involves explaining that to people. And I think there's an inclination sometimes of journalists, certainly of partisan or ideological, bent, but also regular journalists, your job is to explain the world to people to a certain extent. And so there is an inclination to try to make things neat and consumable that sometimes are not neat. I mean, maybe there isn't a straight line. Maybe it's complicated. Maybe it's messy. And I think where it's messy, we should be unafraid to reflect that messiness. Well, I had a really good conversation about this with Tim Miller over at The Bulwark in the context of covering the the campaigns we'll put that uh podcast in the in the show notes but you know the you know he said at one point i don't want to misquote him but paraphrasing you know yeah do we occasionally gild the lily um talking about the biden stuff you know maybe but kind of no big deal and you know my view was there should be no gilding the lily like just just say it the way that that um the way that you see it um and be be totally honest And I not that that particular Lily Gilding looks really bad in retrospect Well I mean I think the Biden the Biden stuff and I not speaking specifically about the full work here but I mean the Biden stuff in in many cases I think one of the reasons that we saw what we saw from the mainstream media on the Biden stuff was because they looked at the other side and they saw Donald Trump and they said, sort of we can't afford to tell the truth about Joe Biden because, look, and, you know, I take great pride in the fact that we were asking these questions two plus years before the 2024 election and before he left and doing so in a, I think, mostly tasteful and respectful way. Who was being tasteless, Steve? Who was being tasteless on our staff? Come on. You were tasteless, Mike, of course, as always. Sipping from your CNN coffee mug, MSM, Mike MSN Warren. That's what I'm going to call you now. Thank you. Before we take an ad break, please consider becoming a member of The Dispatch. You'll unlock access to bonus podcast episodes and all of our exclusive newsletters and articles. You can sign up at thedispatch.com slash join. And if you use the promo code roundtable, you'll get one month free. Speaking of ads, if they aren't your thing, you can upgrade to a premium membership. No ads, early access to all episodes, exclusive town halls with the founders, including one next week where we'll discuss the latest dispatch editorial and much, much more. OK, we'll be right back. Welcome back. Let's return to our discussion. Kevin, you wrote a piece last week about the president's proposal to cap credit card fees at 10 percent. And I want to get to specifically what you wrote about that proposal. But I also want to just put that in context in this broader discussion of affordability. It does seem to me that we're getting two very different kinds of arguments from the Trump administration. If we can call them arguments, that might be generous assertions from Donald Trump and from the Trump administration. Because on the one hand, you hear the president frequently say sort of there is no affordability problem. Everything's fine. Things are great. It's the greatest economy in the history of mankind. And oh, by the way, the golden age is here and I'm responsible for it. But then you see in a nod to, I think, reality. And I do think the economic picture is messy here. It's not all bad. It's certainly not all good. There are mixed signals. You could take certain economic indicators and certain pieces of data and construct an argument that the economy is doing pretty well. And you can take others and construct an argument that we're going in the wrong direction, which makes this all very complicated. But it is, it seems to me, at least there's some tension between the arguments you hear from the president that everything's going well and the proposals that we continue to get from the president that suggest things are not going well. Before we get into that, I want to go back to the month before the 2024 election just to give people an idea of how important this issue was to voters generally and how important it was to Donald Trump in his election in 2024. A month before the 2024 election, Gallup did a survey and found that the economy was the most important issue to the 2024 presidential vote. It was the only issue I'm quoting here. It is the only issue on which a majority of voters, 52 percent, say the candidates positions on it are an extremely important influence on their vote. Another 38 percent of voters rate the economy as very important, which means the issue could be significant factor to nine in 10 voters. That was the environment in which the 2024 election took place. And the exit polls a month later reflected that reality. This quoting from ABC News here. nationally, the share of people saying they've gotten worse off under the current administration, the Biden administration, is the highest in presidential exit polls that have asked the question, even surpassing the 42 percent worse off in 2008 in the teeth of the Great Recession. So I share those numbers to make clear just how important the economy was to getting Donald Trump elected. A lot of people who didn't like him, didn't like the tweets, didn't like his arguments, didn't like the behavior, said, hey, you know, things have gotten worse. Joe Biden doesn't care about inflation. They were laughing off warnings about exacerbating inflation when, in fact, they were exacerbating inflation by the policies that they implemented. Where are we today on that question, the affordability question broadly? Donald Trump's polling on these issues. He is underwater, to use the description of political professionals. depending on your poll, 14 points, 21 points. He's telling people things are great. He's proposing policies that suggest he understands they might not be. And voters are saying things are not good. Mike, where are we on this? And what do you make of the credit card cap policy specifically and these other things the president's been proposing? My view is both parties now have a – I don't know whether it's an elite problem in those parties, whether it's a bottom-up populist problem or both that sort of reinforce themselves. But there's a profound distrust for markets and what markets tell us about prices, about demand and supply, all those sort of basic economic things. And I tend to believe that there's a kind of been a hollowing out in the elites of those parties and the sort of policy elites, the people who sort of think about these things and the sort of populist anger about this problem or that problem regarding the economy is sort of filling that void. And so what you end up having is a Republican president proposing a cap on credit card rates that an actual self-defining socialist Bernie Sanders says, it's a great idea. And so you have two political parties that are sort of, I think, captured by misunderstandings of sort of the 2008 financial crisis, frustration with the kind of what used to be called post-liberal or the kind of post-Cold War consensus on economics. and their reaction is to say, more government. We just have to figure out a way to fix the problem from the government side of things and maybe we disagree about the various particulars of the solution. In some cases, like with this credit card cap, they don't actually. And there's nobody within either of these parties who has any power, who actually believes that market forces can on the whole and in the general and in many ways specifically can have the answers that government can't. And so what you end up with is just people talking about affordability without any idea of what to do about it because at the end of the day, government doesn't really know how to make things more affordable. Markets do. Yeah, Kevin, your piece gets into the specifics of why the credit card cap is unlikely to do the things that the president wants it to do. I mean, I think if you're President Trump and one of the things that he does a lot is he comes up with things that are seemingly simple and maybe even commonsensical solutions to big problems. And they're often things that he can talk about in a way that where people would say, yeah, I kind of get what he's doing. If you're listening to the president on this and you say, man, these credit card companies are predatory. They're charging 21% interest rates for people who can't afford to pay those interest rates. You know, why shouldn't the government come in and cap interest rates at 10%? Isn't he doing a favor to the people who can't afford to pay those higher interest rates? Well, no, of course not, because their choice isn't between high interest rates and low interest rates. It's between having credit, not having credit. And if you lower the price of something artificially, people produce less of it because, you know, that's how economics works. You know, I often tell people that nine tenths of the time I'm an Eisenhower Republican, but then I have to go to like to the motor vehicle office and get a new driver's license and I come out just ready to join a militia, you know. And I think most people in their daily lives are inclined to be kind of basically free market capitalist, you know, Western rich world consumer types until you try to cancel a gym membership or, you know, you have to deal with you look at a at a health insurance statement or something like that. Or you buy tickets to concerts from Ticketmaster. Yeah. And then you're a Leninist. Suddenly, it's time to roll up sleeves and slit throats and the masses are being exploited. We all respond to our immediate incentives. And credit card companies and banks, of course, are terrible examples of that for all sorts of various reasons. They're not very good people to work with, for the most part, with some very few exceptions. And if they'd like to sponsor our podcast or something one of these days, I'll tell you all about one of them. But no. So the problem is this, that there are a lot of things you can do economically to make life easier for people. But when you start messing with prices, you're just always going down the wrong road because prices reflect underlying realities. Prices are not arbitrary. Prices are telling you something about the actual state of production, the actual state of demand for things. So when you artificially raise the price for something, you will see less consumption of it. You see this in the case of jurisdictions that raise the minimum wage too much, and then you get fast food restaurants investing in automation and things like that because they don't want to hire these workers at $20 an hour because they're just economically not worth it. But you can go the other way, too. When you artificially lower the price of something, especially if you do it too much, you just cut into production of it. You end up with rationing and shortages. We see this all the time where there are anti-gouging rules in effect during emergencies. And so instead of having to pay 50 bucks for a case of water, your choice is to pay zero dollars for zero water because that's that's what happens. And I just spent right before that big snowstorm hit, I went to Home Depot like 16 times to buy a generator and finally got one. There was a bit of that going on, too. It kind of made me wish for a little market arbitrage, you know, something happening there where I could just pay the extra 15 percent or whatever the gouging was going to be on it and just get out of there with it instead of having to waste my time doing that. But prices are the wrong way to do that. If you want to increase the material well-being of poor people or people who don't have enough money, the easiest thing to do is give them money. The problem is we just did a whole lot of that during COVID. And that causes inflation if you do it at a very large scale and also if you do it in concert with decline in economic production. And I guess the real untold story of the COVID era that hasn't been talked about very much, well, hasn't been talked about in a way that people can understand, I think, is that basically we suspended a lot of economic production for about a year. And as a consequence of that, we're all poor because there was less economic productivity happening. And you can do whatever you want, monkeying around with prices and subsidies and wage substitutes and all that stuff. But if you're producing less stuff, you're just poor. And it takes a while to work through that. And so we'll be dealing with the consequences of the COVID era, suspension of economic activity for a while. And we'll particularly see that in places that are that are more physical and less digital, because that's the thing that was the most that was the most impacted by that. And, man, I just used impacted as a transitive verb. I hate myself. Oh, my gosh, Kevin. I'm going to take a vacation now. Come on. I impose those on myself. Yeah. So, you know, the Trump stuff is the Trump stuff is particularly just idiotic because, well, there's no housing problem. Right. We're doing fine. But here's my big idea for 50 year mortgages, which is just the dumbest thing. imagine 25 year old person just out of school you know and is in his first job wants to buy a house we're going to give you a loan that you can pay off when you're 75 years old that's just bananas i mentioned this in a column the other day where um there's this one particular car company i like and they make very expensive stuff that i'm never going to buy but i remember seeing an ad for them it's like you can have this car for and i don't remember what the monthly payment was but it was it was like it's pretty reasonable you know i was like i could i could stretch and probably do that But I was like, I wonder how that works. And it was like a 20 year financing deal for a car. If you finance a car over the course of 20 years, you're making a bad decision. It can be the nicest car in the world. This is not a not a smart thing to do. Yeah. So, you know, making student loans cheaper by subsidizing the interest rates on them, just make the college tuition go up because people will figure out a way to soak up the money when you put the money on the table. for the same reason that people buy more expensive cars when you have the option of six-year financing versus two-year financing because they start looking at the monthly payment and not the actual expense of the thing. People buy more expensive houses when they're 30-year mortgages than when they're 10-year mortgages and when you don't have to put up a lot of money on a down payment. None of this changes the underlying availability of houses. And if you want housing to be more plentiful, then you should build more houses. If you want food to be more affordable, then get out of the way of the farmers and the grocers and the distributors and the dairy companies and all the rest of the stuff and let them do their thing. But we don't do that. We have these layers and layers of subsidies, taxes and regulations, not all of which are terrible. I'm not an anarchist. I'm not saying we should get rid of all the regulations on food and drugs and that stuff. But we do have it set up in such a way as that we make it more difficult to produce the way we would like to. And then we try to fix that by doing things like, well, let's have a cap on credit card interest rates as though that were the problem, not the fact that people are carrying a balance from one month to the next because they're using their credit cards to buy milk. Mike, I'm very tempted to ask you how Kevin's argument impacted your thinking, but I'm not going to do that because I don't want to use impacted that way. And we need to get on to two more topics. One more topic before we get to not worth your time. I just want to be I want to briefly just ask you about the this release of three million documents in the Epstein files over the weekend. Pretty extraordinary release. Some of the emails that we see, I think, are, you know, give for people who thought there is a global elite that were predators toward young women. is pretty much confirmed in the release of these documents in a way that I think was revolting to read in real time. There have been objections to the way these documents have been released, though, in that somebody mentioned in a document who might have had an email with Jeffrey Epstein could be construed to have been involved in things that he wasn't involved in. and some of the victims have said, hey, this is too much information, too much public information about what happened to us. Mike, to you first, anything you saw as you read about this over the weekend that sort of stood out to you, either in terms of people who were named or involved or listed in emails or in the overall political impact of the release of these things? I am probably the worst person, worst journalist to be asking about the Epstein files because Page 32. Against, no, not at all. Against my own sort of professional interests, I find it very difficult to get too worked up or even interested in them as a journalism, as a sort of journalistic enterprise, think that there is a lot in these documents that more scrutiny, more sort of legal scrutiny might reveal to be sort of big nothing burgers or what might be revealed to be really bad evidence of crimes by a lot of these sort of billionaires who were friendly with them with a known and, by the way, widely known, seemed to be known by everybody who knew him, pedophile. And so the problem is that it's a document dump, and I have no way of knowing what's valid, what's not valid. Somebody's name pops up somewhere. I'll give you an example of something where, like, sort of a stupid coverage of the Epstein files. And I haven't necessarily seen this in particular, but stupid coverage of the Epstein files would look something like journalist Tina Brown's name found in the Epstein files. There was an email in which Tina Brown, who was at the time was the editor in chief of the Daily Beast, essentially was asked to come visit or meet with Jeffrey Epstein at some point. And her email through a representative back was essentially a very responsible email saying, basically, if she's going to do this, she's going to bring along a reporter from the Daily Beast. We're going to assume that everything that that reporter learns will be used to report on Jeffrey Epstein. And so it's kind of a big – it's not only a big nothing work. It's a very responsible thing that she and her representatives did. And so the problem is, is like the stupid coverage is like, you know, Bill Gates is in this or whomever. And like you dig down into the details of the documents and you can see and understand what's gross, what what what's revealed to be sort of, you know, we learn new things about these people that should disgust us. Um, and, but I don't think most people are reading through that stuff. They're sort of seeing memes, uh, sort of a meme-ified reporting on this stuff. And it is incomplete. And there's really kind of no way for me or anybody else to judge what's valid and not. And there's a real trust problem that comes out of the way these documents are being dumped. and I just I find it to be I find it to be an impossible task unless you gave me like six months off just to like read through all of these and do the follow up reporting. I mean it's literally three million pages the latest version of some of these have been released before but I mean it's three million documents. Exactly and at the end of the day my view is that Jeffrey Epstein and Jelaine Maxwell were the criminals at the sort of the top of whatever this enterprise was. And they were prosecuted for it. Barely, I would say. I mean, one of the things that jumps out at me as I read this, and I like you, Mike, I have not spent a lot of time focused on this, either in the political context. I think her name is Julia Brown from the Miami Herald, has done some terrific reporting over the years, including a book. I've not read her book, but I've read a lot of her reporting. She really broke a lot of this and made it made possible some of the things that we were seeing over the weekend. But it certainly feels to me like he was given just just given what we have seen that has been verified. He was given extraordinarily favorable treatment over the years as he particularly in the in the like the mid 2000s. Yeah, there's all kinds of evidence. Correct. There's a deal. I think that totally great. And it also looks, again, reading this as a non-lawyer, I think it's safe to conclude from the documents that we've seen that, again, have been verified, that had they been interested in prosecuting other people, there was a lot that they could have done. And it seems that they were just not as interested in prosecuting people Kevin I turn to you One of the things that stood out to me was the number of people who wrote to first of all the number of people who had previously said I have nothing to do with this guy I was so Howard Lutnick I was so repulsed by him in 2005 when I met him. I never even wanted to talk to him again. And then, wow, the memos tell a different story. The emails tell a different story. The thing that struck me as I read articles about this over the weekend um with the number of people who were were openly emailing with jeffrey epstein about the young girls like just you know i'll be there if you bring your harem was one that was just sort of epstein himself is writing to other people about the agents of the women that he was dealing with. And, you know, there's a back and forth there. Just this sort of strikes me as incredible. There were also suggestions in the documents that were released over the weekend or late last week that he may well have used these documents in blackmail efforts in a way that many people have long suspected, but haven't seen a ton of evidence on that. Any of that stand out to you as you look at this? Yeah, what a gross story. I'll tell you what it's made me rethink a little bet is that I've always taken a pretty traditionally libertarian view toward prostitution and what's broadly known as sex work. But I don't think it's great for people on either side of the transaction for the most part, but probably something that's not made better by criminalization of it. And the Epstein story is in part, and the most important part, I think, a story about sexual abuse of minors. But it's also partly a story about prostitution. It's partly a story about the ways in which young women who are not minors, but who are in the presence of men who have a lot of money and power and are vulnerable to various kinds of extortion or influence or pressure, and the way in which these three separate categories of things kind of bleed into one another. They're not the same thing, but they're also not necessarily bright lines between them, that it's all a pretty grisly mess of things. I'm not entirely surprised by the story in a lot of ways just in the sense that um i think jeffrey epstein is probably a pretty good example of what male libido liberated from consequences and constraints and uh morality and um and other limiting factors ends up being um but i think we're uh we all have maybe not all of us but a lot of us have you know some measure of that kind of potential awfulness uh inside of us i think it's sort of a natural part of the fallen human condition. And it gives me, I guess, a sense of new appreciation for the subtleties of the ways in which we construct social and legal and informal barriers to try to prevent this kind of behavior. I think particularly the late 20th century and the early 21st century were a much more, I think, libertine time than what we have now. In the kind of Clinton era and post-Clinton era, we were all being lectured about how only Americans care about the president having a sexual relationship with this intern. And the French would roll their eyes if people made such a big deal about it. And as though that were the mark of sophistication was being sort of a blasé about this kind of stuff. But I think that not the Bill Clinton and Jeffrey Epstein are examples of exactly the same kind of phenomenon. They are related phenomena, certainly. And the line from one to the other is fairly short, fairly direct and fairly straight. And I think finally today, before we go, not worth your time. There has been lots of coverage over the past week about a change in the way that Southwest Airlines does its business. The way that Southwest has flown for years and now has made some changes. Among the changes are requiring people to pay for bags. Southwest is no longer doing this cattle call seeding, which was the way that Southwest had done business since, I think, 1971 in Dallas. And it's caused a lot of problems. There are a lot of Southwest, regular Southwest, loyal Southwest customers who hate it. They like the old way of doing it. They'd figured out how to fly on Southwest and they don't like these changes. and it makes Southwest a lot more like the other airlines. Mike, are you a Southwest customer? And if so, how do you like the changes? I'm a longtime Southwest customer. It was once Southwest purchased AirTran, which was a low-cost airline that was based in Atlanta. I had personal reasons to be flying between Atlanta and Washington, D.C. for a number of years. And so I was a loyal customer, still fly a lot of Southwest. It's been great for, you know, if you get the companion pass, you know, you can fly people for free on it. And it goes to some of the places that I still need to fly to. I have not flown Southwest since this change has happened in the last week or so. And I have to say, I hate it. I understand why it's happening. It's essentially an investor-driven decision. They think that they can cut costs, essentially, by doing this. They can raise the prices of those seats in the front, just like all the other airlines do. And so I'm sure there is some sort of economic justification for this, but I hate what it's done to what was really kind of a quirky and special airline, which took this aspect of kind of modern upper middle class life, which is flying and made it a little different and made it sort of unique and and created, I think, some loyalty out of us out of a customer base. that I think we're losing. You know, it makes perfect economic sense, I'm sure, but I don't like- I mean, it only makes perfect economic sense if it works, right? If it works, I guess, that's what I'm saying. If you have customers that run away, I'm not sure it does. So Kevin, I have been a loyal Southwest customer for 20 years. Before that, I flew as much as I possibly could on the greatest airline ever known to mankind called Midwest Express Airlines. The headquarters was in Milwaukee, which is where I'm from. They had direct routes to everywhere. Every seat on the plane was first class. When they started, they served you a gourmet meal. And when I say gourmet airplane meal, I don't mean gourmet like airline food. I mean actual gourmet meal like surf and turf, filet, lobster. It was free wine the entire trip. At the end of the trip or at the end of the meal, they served you warm, baked chocolate chip cookies extraordinary and every seat talk about liberty by the way every seat was effectively a first-class seat like a huge seat was an incredible incredible airline and i like a garrison keeler thing where all the seats are first class and all the children are above average yeah i mean it was basically it was basically this sounds very this sounds very midwestern and whatever your milwaukee version of uh epicureanism is i may be be turning my nose at that just a little bit no i mean it was rated the number one airline in the in the the country sort of years running it was great and it's and the the round trip flights were cheap like 200 bucks back and forth to milwaukee direct flights so midwest got probably that is you're in milwaukee at the end of it no that's the whole point is that you're in milwaukee at the end of that's probably what makes it better than any of the other perks but they got bought and they kind of went away. And it was very sad. And then I started flying Southwest. Southwest flies out of BWI and DCA, natural places for me to fly out of. And I became such a loyal Southwest customer that I got the Southwest credit card. I did the companion pass, Mike, that you mentioned. The companion pass is this great thing that you can either get from flying a lot or from spending a lot on the credit card, but if you pass a certain number of certain threshold of miles or points, you can fly with somebody. Somebody can fly with you on any flight, anywhere you go ever for the year. And you can change who your companion is three, four times a year. When I was doing a lot more public speaking, traveling for public speaking, I took a kid along on almost every one of my speech trips. So I got to hang out for several days with a kid just would yank him out of school it's great loved everything about it i had games changing your changing your companion three four times a year that's like donald trump numbers that's even worse you know no no comment uh this was just my kids and my wife kevin uh those are the only companions i had but i loved it and i had gamed the the system the boarding system so that i could almost always get if you fly southwest and you're one of the early ones on, you can get what I always called Southwest first class, which is the one seat where you have no seat in front of you and extend your legs. I got it. I'd say I usually got it 90% of the time, something like that. Anyway, they made all these changes. I did fly Southwest this weekend. And on the flight, it is hilarious. They're going to have to figure this out or it's going to, I think it's going to be problematic. First of all, the flights are much more expensive And Flight Southwest has been increasing its flights. It is no longer the low-cost airline compared to other places. I flew back and forth to Phoenix in the fall, and it was $850, which was roughly the same as these other airlines. And I bought the tickets well in advance. If you look at the changes that they've made, you now pay for bags. The flights themselves are more expensive. They do this. They've avoided the group seating, and now you go buy assigned seats. So I boarded. I had pre-selected the first class Southwest seat. So I got the seat that I liked, which was great. And I'm a A-list preferred member, so I can check my bags without paying more. But there were about 170 seats on this flight, roughly 80 of which were occupied. And because you have to pay to sit at the front of the plane or in the exit rows, and you don't have to pay in the back. There were about four people in front of me in that part of the plane. Nobody in the exit row next to me in like five or six exit row seats next to me. And then behind me, all of the customers were crammed in three to a side. So every middle seat or almost every middle seat was taken and people were pissed. They were looking at the seats up front they're like hey can i just go sit up there and the flight attendants had to tell them no they're like really i mean you're gonna make me sit in between these two other people and it was rough and i culture shock i felt bad for the the poor flight attendants kevin i know you usually like to fly private everywhere you go i think when i can you're a net jets kind of guy In fact, we're still working on the NetJet sponsorship for the dispatch. Boy, do I have some travel expenses for you. Do you ever fly southwest? And if so, have you experienced any of these things? Well, you know, so growing up in Texas, I'm from Lubbock and I went to school in Austin. So I flew southwest a lot when I was in college, going back and forth between Austin and Amarillo often to see my father. I hadn't been on an airplane until I was 19, I guess. So I started flying then. And that was back in the days of the Wright Amendment, you know, with all these rules about where Southwest could fly and what their airplanes were like and all that. So you couldn't fly direct from Austin Amarillo yet. Everything had to stop at Love Field. It was this weird, goofy thing they had. And it was mainly meant to protect DFW, I think. I forget what the machinations were in the background. The last Southwest flight I remember taking, I know I must have flown it since then, but I was still in college. It was a very memorable flight because we stopped at DFW, changed planes, and I was getting on the plane to fly to Austin. And it was me and some reason I've been talking about weight a lot lately. But in college, I was probably about 325 around then, and I was about a size 52 suit jacket. And it was me and the Baylor football team. And so it was like, you know, everyone was just like sort of stuffed in these seats. Everybody thought you were an offensive lineman, even though you weren't. I wasn't nearly big enough to play at UT. Baylor, though. Yeah, okay. Yeah, Baylor, I could have pulled off Harvard probably or Yale maybe or something. Princeton. I could have probably played at Princeton. But, yeah, so that was my last experience with Southwest that I can recall off the top of my head, although I must have flown it since then. I lived in Dallas for a long time, so left field is really convenient to fly in and out of. But for me, American was always the more convenient airline. And once you've thrown in your lot with somebody, you're there. A couple of observations about air travel. One is that the only airline I've ever been on that actually has good food is Air India. And that's because Indian food travels really well because the vegetables are all cooked to mush anyway. So letting it sit in a warmer for an extra. I love Indian food. It's my favorite kind of food. But letting it sit in the warmer for an extra hour or two is not really going to make that sack veneer any mushier than it was if you got it straight out of the pot. One of the things I love about air travel, and there's not much I love about air travel, it does suck in lots of ways, is that they force us to confront in a very plain and obvious and unassailably true way one of the things in American life that we never really are comfortable talking about. It says it right there on your ticket. Status. You are either in the club or you are not in the club. You're a first class passenger or you're not. and um i used to get a lot of upgrades on american airlines because i was flying a lot and flying out of dallas and so you and every kind of worked out well and i remember um i went to the democratic national convention in must have been 2000 i want to say when it was in philadelphia and am i right about that 2000 philadelphia and that was philadelphia yes yeah and johnny rotten was there and he'd been hired to cover it for like e or some like comedy central or someone had hired Johnny Rotten to cover it. And so he shows up and, you know, these protesters are outside because they want communism and they want to burn Starbucks or whatever. And they see Johnny Rotten and they're just, you know, hooray, it's Johnny Rotten from the Sex Pistols. And he gives him this withering look and he says, hello, poor people, my name is Mr. Rotten. And I'm here because American politics amuses me. And every time I get to fly first class and all the people, you know, walking in, going to the back and they want to come up and use the first class bathroom or whatever, I just, I hear Johnny Rotten's voice in the back of my head saying, hello. poor people and that's easy that easy to let that status go to your head in uh in a hurry can i say real quick about about the status thing and what makes the the southwest change so galling is that it has made what the other airlines have made which is essentially if you buy enough tickets if you spend enough money you sort of get those benefits what southwest's system allowed was if you knew the system, if you sort of like understood and did your homework a little bit, it didn't really matter as much that you spend as much money. But if you sort of understood how to get in the right position to get the right seat or whatever, or to, you know, hey, if I can fly Southwest, I can save money by because they'll check my bags for free. it sort of it increases the importance of essentially just money just spending money right so what you're making the case for is like yugoslavia under communism right doesn't matter the money you got to figure out the system you know and how to exploit it see this is what i like about this is god bless america we don't have a class system here we just have money and money is fair it's democratic it's open anyone can go out and make some more of it and you can't change where you came from or your family's history or any of that stuff. You can't make yourself a Mayflower descendant, but you can go out and earn some more money. And God bless America. That's one of the things I like about our country is we don't really have much of a class system. We do have a little bit of one we don't talk about, but mostly we just have money. I think Mike is now rethinking his position on the 10% cap on credit cards. He's going to come out in favor of that. It's unfair. Not at all. Not at all. I went to a party one time in New York, in Lower Manhattan. You know our friend, Ovik Roy. I don't know if you're still into this. I haven't talked to Ovik in a while, but Ovik used to be seriously into champagne. He was a champagne collector, which sounds bad already, this story. But he was friends with some people who had a very, very fancy apartment in New York City. And he would have this party once a year or so, and he would serve a whole bunch of different kinds of interesting champagnes. And it was a very fun party. But this apartment was spectacular, and it had one of these Big, big balconies. It was bigger than my apartment in New York was at the time. And I remember I just happened to be going to this party and Rich Lowry, the editor of National Review, was also there. And we were walking in at the same time. And Rich looks around at this apartment. He says to himself, maybe we should raise taxes on it, Rich. You have you have those moments, right? I get it. I get it. All right. Well, thank you very much. I'm going to take another Southwest flight soon. and I will report back on how it goes. I will say just before we check out on Thursday, we talked about weird injuries and Kevin reported that he didn't really have many weird injuries, doesn't have many injuries at all and has previously told us that he really almost never gets sick. So I don't know how to become sort of like the bionic man that you are, but it's pretty great. I will say we got a number of very, very funny emails with people telling us their funny injury stories. And I'm going to try to take just a couple of them for Friday's roundtable and maybe share them because they are worth sharing. So if you have any more, feel free to send them to us at roundtable at the dispatch dot com or leave them in the comments on this podcast. Thanks both for joining and we will see you next time. thedispatch.com. We read everything, even the ones from people who like sitting in the middle seat. That's going to do it for today's show. Thanks so much for tuning in. And a big thank you to the folks behind the scenes who made this episode possible. Noah Hickey, Victoria Holmes, and Peter Bonaventure. We couldn't do it without you. Thanks again for listening. Please join us next time. Thank you.