Sexual Health, Libido, and Orgasm: What Medicine Missed with Dr. Kelly Casperson

If you're not thinking about sex in a way that is, you know, pro-sex, that impairs your sexual health too. So biggest sex organ is the brain. Dopamine pathway is super interesting because dopamine is released on pursuing something found to be rewarding. Why is that important with sex? You can't take me out to dinner and feed me cold chicken and mushy broccoli and then say, well, why don't you like food, Kelly? Well, I don't like mushy broccoli. You can't I can't desire something that's not rewarding to me. And so so many women. And this was very interesting. So a male researcher, I was interviewing him for my podcast about women's sexual health and desire. And he knows a lot about this. And I'm like, wait, hold on. You're assuming women are having sex worth desiring. And he's like, well, yeah. And at that moment, I was like, whoa, that's such a male-centric way to think about sex because you're having desirable sex, right? These women are having mushy broccoli sex and feeling beat up about it because they don't desire sex. The views and opinions expressed on on pause are those of the talent and guests alone and are provided for informational and entertainment purposes only. No part of this podcast or any related materials are intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Today's episode is special for me because my guest is not just someone I admire professionally. She's a very good friend and one of the people who has most changed how I practice medicine. Dr. Kelly Casperson was the first person who made the sex-based differences in sexual health care click for me in a way I could not unsee. We approach men's sexual health in a structured, resourced manner as something to be taken seriously. But we approach women's sexual health with silence, dismissal and an attitude of that's normal. Kelly has been calling this out for years, and she's been giving women and clinicians the language, the science and the permission to do better. She is a gift for taking topics that have been wrapped in shame and turning them into something clear, actionable and even hopeful. She's done this in the podcast, You Are Not Broken, and in her two books, You Are Not Broken and The Menopause Moment. They've all changed my life and they've changed my practice of medicine. Today, we're going to talk about what women were never taught, what medicine has ignored and what actually works. We're going to talk about desire, pain, orgasm changes, full vaginal symptoms and the real world clinical pathways that help women feel like themselves again. And yes, we're going to talk about testosterone. This is the topic that floods my inbox, confuses clinicians and gets women into trouble when it is handled casually. Kelly is the person I trust most to cut through the noise, and I can't wait to have this conversation. I'm Dr. Mary Claire Haver, a board certified obstetrician and gynecologist and certified menopause practitioner. I'm also an adjunct professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Texas Medical Branch. Welcome to Unpaused, the podcast where we cut through the silence and talk about what it really takes for women to thrive in the second half of life. Dr. Kelly Casperson, welcome to Unpaused. Thank you for having me. I am so excited. You are one of the most requested guests. Stop it. That we have had. So what always fascinated me about your training, because I did OBGYN, which is female health and really bikini medicine, you know, which is fine, but that you actually train to take care of both men and women in urology. So you talking about how you were so struck by the sex-based differences. Can you talk about that? Yeah, I think it really has set up, you know, in the current circumstance, who are the players and the interesting voices in this space and I think the female physicians, the female urologists specifically, because we see this gender disparity lens really strongly. And we trained with the boys, right? We trained with the men right now in America. We have a thousand female urologists, sort of about 10,000 urologists. So still I still get, I didn't know women could be urologists. Like we still didn't know that urologists took care of anything other than the penis, you know. What is a urologist? So urologist is a surgical subspecialist of the genital urinary organs. So starting at the top, adrenal glands, kidneys, ureters, connect to the bladder, bladder, P's out of the urethra to go into the toilet. And then the reproductive organs of the male stereotypically. So testicles, scrotum, penis, prostate and a lot of urologists, not all, help with prolapse, bladder leakage, incontinence, stress incontinence, leaking when you cough sneeze, laugh, overactive bladder, which is urgency, frequency, getting up at night to pee a lot. And really, you know, my story was I had a patient change my life. She was a bladder cancer patient and we did a very radical surgery. It was invasive bladder cancer cured her and I became very bonded with her. And that was, as far as my story goes, really important because this wasn't a stranger crying in my office that I didn't know. I love her and she was crying in my office because of her sexless marriage. And as I'm handing her the box of Kleenex, I'm realizing I don't know how to help you, but I know how to help the men. We, urologists stereotypically, are very comfortable with testosterone. We're very comfortable with Viagra. We're very comfortable in talking about quality of life that matters in regards to sexual health. That is our bread and butter. Urologists do that, but not with women. And so I'm handing her the box of Kleenex and I'm thinking, I don't know how to help her. Who does? And I was told in training women were difficult. They take too much time and don't worry. The gynecologists are taking care of them anyway. No, we weren't. Right. So that's what I found out. So then I started my deep dive and I spent about a year just deep diving on female sexual medicine. So I'm like, do we have any research? Yes, we actually do. It's just not getting out to the people. And then we have Hollywood, which tells us wrong stuff all the time. But we like what? What is Hollywood saying? Spontaneous sexual desire is normal. You should be hot and heavy and ready to go in an instant. Sex takes one minute. Nobody has any problems with it. Certainly we aren't dealing with pain or like bad knees or bad hips or, you know, a cold, right? Like real life in sex. And then everybody has an orgasm at the exact same time. And then you also have lots of time for sex, like you're just hanging out, having sex all the time. So basically Hollywood's wrong about everything and sex. And so was at a Ishwish conference. International Society. Ishwish is International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health. Started by a urologist. It was spent around for over 20 years. Was actually started because of Viagra. So go back. Viagra was released in America in 1998. Oh, I remember. Yeah. It was a resident. Big deal. So it was a fail, a failed, but it was a blood pressure study medication. And the men wouldn't give their study medication back because they were getting erections before Viagra erections were all in your head. It was a psychological problem because we didn't have any treatment for it. And so now they said, wait, you're telling me there could be a medication that helps erections. So Erwin Goldstein, the urologist, is on the paper, I think New England Journal of Medicine, that got Viagra basically approved. And men didn't call his office. Women called his office and they said, what do you have for us? And he said, go to the gynecologist, see what they have for you. So they did. And then they came back to Goldstein and they said, they don't have anything for us. What do you have for us? So we started, in part, the International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health because the women came after Viagra came out saying, what do you have for us? Where do all those Viagra-laden penises go? Right. So I recently did a reel. I was like, OK, Viagra was FDA approved in 1998. And I just was part of the team that got the unboxing of vaginal estrogen in 2025. We've got 27 years of mismatched relationships. And these are both blood flow drugs, by the way. Viagra is a blood flow drug, vaginal estrogen, the blood flow drug. It helps blood flow to the female pelvis, which is important for arousal. Not that anybody would know that because we didn't get any sex. We will break all that down, but keep going. I'm learning everything I can because of this woman. And I go to Ishwish and I see a gynecologist that trained at one of the best places in Texas. I was a med student with her. We did our general surgery rotation together. And I said, why are you here? And she said, because I didn't learn any of this either. Yeah, nothing. And that was my like, oh, we all think that you guys are getting help over here. No, but you're not. No, I mean, in all fairness, the OB-GYNs are busy. You guys are busy, right? And they're like, you should take on everything, including all the hormones and all the sex med. It's like there's what, 30,000 OB-GYNs in America right now, maybe. And we've seen the projections of the need that we're going to have in like five years from now with the OB-GYNs. Like we can't put this all on OB-GYNs. There's not enough. And to think, I mean, even to think 50% of the population is supposed to go to one type of doctor for all of your health care. That's insanity. That's putting women in a box. So I just started like learning everything I could and I loved podcasts. So seven years ago, I started my You Are Not Broken podcast because of that woman and me not knowing anything about female sexual health. And here we are. What do you mean by you are not broken? I called the book and then the first book in the podcast, You Are Not Broken, because I was like thinking of a name like Dr. Casperson's podcast. Like what are you going to call this thing? Right. And women kept coming in and they'd say, I'm so broken. I don't have an orgasm by putting a penis in my vagina. They wouldn't say it exactly like that, but that's the gist. And I'm like, well, you don't know only like 30% of women have an orgasm by putting a penis in a vagina. You're not broken. They just didn't have the facts. Another one of women's like, I've never had an orgasm. And I'm like, well, 10% of women have never had an orgasm. Never. And we didn't know that. And we don't think it's because your body's broken. We think it's because of this social, cultural world you're living in that says, don't touch yourself. You shouldn't want sex. Pleasure is bad. Oh, by the way, we never told you what the clitoris is. Right. So it's not that your body can't experience pleasure. You've just been kind of shrouded from the possibilities of your pleasure because of our society. So I don't have an orgasm. You're not broken. I don't have an orgasm. When a penis goes in my vagina, you're not broken. In our clinics, we have an hour visit. We were able to step outside of the what has become the medical model with insurance based and give the gift of time. But they have to unpack the trauma. You have to give them time to impact the trauma and express their brokenness. So then you can like put them back together. Do you find that social media is so amazing because I just I'm a better doctor because of you. Totally. Because the door was open to the truth of the American people. I would not have known in the suffering night. The 70 percent of the symptoms that I've learned had not a thousand women told me that they had frozen shoulder with menopause or tinnitus ringing in the ears or palpitations or, you know, like, like a thousand women all expressing the same thing. Isn't women making up stories in their heads? Yeah. Yeah. So we all think we're doing a very good job. But then you open the door to your cell phone to the world and you see I'm on my fourth doctor. I'm on my fifth doctor. My doctor told me this. But then you're like, oh, we think we're doing a good job. But the truth might be different. But this is the point of the 50 minute visit when doctors suggest things for sexual health. Just use lube. Just have a glass of wine. Just do it anyways. Just listen to some music. Just light a candle. Like it comes across as very dismissive because you haven't bonded with that person. Yeah. You haven't heard their problem yet. You're just offering a quick solution. And so that's why I'm like, I know the doctors are coming from a good place by offering suggestions. A platitude, yeah. But it's not landing, right? And so it's like, you've got to work with the fact that this woman, who might be 56 years old, has had 56 years of really crappy sex education. She might not know what a vulva is. And here we are in our very rushed time trying to offer a solution. And it doesn't land. So I know that we're well meaning, but it's like there's so much to unpack that even offering quick solutions kind of looks like you're not listening very well. When did you something click for you about female pleasure? You said you fell in love with female pleasure. How is your practice now? I mean, to me, I'm like, sexual pleasure is a right. That's a birthright. That's how your body was built. And a lot of this is gender equality for me. And looking at how society prioritizes one group's pleasure and really labels or stigmatizes or dismisses the other person's pleasure. Give me examples of that. We put a woman in a bikini to sell a cheeseburger on an ad for the Super Bowl. So we're taking somebody's pleasure and saying, hey, enjoy some pleasure while we're trying to sell you a cheeseburger, right? So there's that genders, you know, in your face, like they're sexual beings. Here's something that sexually pleases you. Let's try to sell cars and cheeseburgers with it. Right. So society is so out in the open in using male sexuality as a as a basically a means of advertisement, right? Sometimes to the detriment of the female body and what your worth is. And then you have the female. Did you get taught clitoris in sex ed? I went to Catholic school. Kelly, so there was no such thing as sex. No, but the hexaclitoris, right? And so I remember we had my mom got us the book, The Wonderful Way That Babies Are Made. And like the stork was in there and Jesus was in there. And I'm not sure how the whole plot got together. But like I remember that book. But to me, like it just makes no sense. Ninety percent of men are heterosexual. They get testosterone, they get Viagra, they get validated. And right in your office, you're giving out these prescriptions every day. Yes, because your quality of life matters. Your quality of life matters. And what happens to the women coming in with the exact same complaints? You don't get hormones because you still have a period. You're just too uptight. You're just stressed. You need to relax. Like get a new husband. And I get it. Like I get stress does affect sexual health. But to say that that's the only thing that's going on with no evaluation, with a 10 minute visit. It's like we blew you off. Now, you're supposed to be sleeping with these people that will proudly tell you quality of life matters. And if you look just as surgeries, right? So urologists take out prostates. And it would be an ill practice if a urologist took out a prostate and didn't counsel the man on risks of decreased ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. You must have those conversations prior to operating on a prostate. And then I'm not a gynecologist and you can correct me, but you have women who have sexual structures operated on or very nearby. And they're zero. We have no, the counseling did not. No, we we counseled about surgical complications, blood loss, infection. You know, but I don't remember anything about a change in sexual function on any other, you know, counseling. You know, we have those standard forms, medical legal forms and stuff. We never counseled about that when we took out ovaries or did any genital surgeries. I remember early, early in my social media life, there's a group of physicians and they were talking about, do you take out the cervix or the hysterectomy? And me kind of going to Ishuish and learning about Dr. Goldstein's data of like the cervix for some people is an important sexual structure. Not everybody, but some people probably should ask about that before you talk about cervix sparing or not hysterectomy. And they're like, there's no data. And then I published, I said, these are the papers looking at the innervation of the cervix and the effect on sexual health. And then the response is, but there's not a lot of data. So it's like dismissed every, like there's no data, then there's not enough data. And it's like, when are you going to realize that these people have sexual health issues in their pelvis? And so do these people. We all started from the same thing. We just care about these people's quality of life better. So, you know, to me, again, it's gender equality until the end of like, that's my why of like, I just want the same thing for women that men get. And the other thing I see a lot is you're medicalizing women. You're medicalizing them if you're trying to give them adi or you're trying to give them hormones. And I'm like, did anybody say we were medicalizing the men in 1998 when we came out with Viagra? Did anybody say, Pfizer, you shouldn't make billions of dollars of from solving their problems. Non erect penis. Yeah. So we're only medicalizing. Again, we were keeping women from having what men already have. Let's do some sex med one on one for our listeners, because none of us learned anything in our sex education. If you got any, it was basically sex education was how to not get pregnant. Don't get a disease and don't get pregnant. You know, and those are important things. Take a test. Yeah, but they're important things. But for the average, let's say midlife person who might, you know, they've got birth control. They're in a long term committed relationship. That has nothing to do with their sex life at all. And we've just left them hanging. In my residency, so I did OBGYN, we had full blocks, about 60 ish percent of my training, maybe 55 was obstetrics, important stuff. Right. How to get someone pregnant, keep them pregnant and, you know, healthy and get the baby delivered and then all the postpartum care. Okay, fine. Then it's a four year residency. Then we had gynecology where everything else was lumped in and that was pediatric gynecology, gen oncology, all the cancer stuff. So ovarian cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer. All those, you know, we had full blocks on that. We had reproductive endocrinology, which is ended up being a catchall for helping people get pregnant who are struggling to get pregnant. In the REI block, which we had two rotations and four years of residency, so two six week blocks, one lecture per week on menopause. That was it. And nothing on sex med. Absolutely nothing. I didn't know that there was any treatments available. So I get out of my residency and I think I am a well prepared OBGYN. And granted, what we focused on in the residency program was not sex med. No one came in complaining of much or we were thought that they were a little bit crazy because that's also what we were taught women's somaticized psychological issues. But I'm getting out and I have my gynecology patients and as I'm walking out the door after their well woman, they're like one more thing. They would gather the courage and take a deep breath to admit in their little paper gowns, you know, with their butts on the on the paper, start talking about sexual dysfunction. And I was a deer in the headlights. I had no idea how to help them. And so many were I was shocked by the percentage of patients, well educated, resourced women who were complaining with tears in their eyes. And I had no idea what to do. Nothing. It's not life threatening, right? And in our training, I'm not excusing our training. I'm just being like, you know, it's hard to argue that getting a baby out safely in cancer isn't more important when you're like, we've got 80 topics in two minutes to teach everything. But as far as quality of life goes, sexual health is huge. It's absolutely huge. And so like disproportionately of like uterine cancer is awful. But it's thankfully pretty rare. Sex is everybody, right? So like as a percentage of like, maybe we should learn things in percentage to how much it affects people. Sex med affects everybody. And so when you think of it like that, you're like, well, we are really underserved in our education for it. And I think about that because I didn't learn it in med school. I operated around the clitoris and didn't know that the clitoris had, you know, these. No, look like Gumby. Yeah, it looks like a penis that's kind of been widened and because they're the same structures. And I'm like, you're telling me I've been putting major rethral slings around the clitoris bodies for a decade and I didn't know that. Yes. Yeah, that's what we're telling you. And so I come to this very humbly of like, if I didn't know, I don't assume anybody else knows. No, I know. I'm the surgeon in the pelvis. It's been amazing. I mean, I think of all of the laceration repairs from obstetrics that we did and we were literally just throwing sutures to stop bleeding and repair anatomy without any thought and where scars hurt, right? And scars, especially apesiotomy scars, it's a thinned of just tissue, that's what a scar is. And then when perimenopause and postmenopause hits and we lose our protection from our hormones down there, those apesiotomy scars get really tender and painful. And often they're around that six o'clock part of the vulva. And so I always call it the six o'clock spot, but that gets really thinned and irritated. And so I'll do an exam and I'll be like, did you have an apesiotomy? And they're like, oh, yeah, right there. Like that's what hurts. So like it'll come back. Come back years and years after delivery, especially as the hormones change. Many of you know I've spent my career pushing for better medical standards for women. MidiHealth is on that same mission, delivering the kind of care women have always deserved. For too long, women have been told to just deal with perimenopause and menopause symptoms. Your labs are normal. This is just a part of aging. Eat less, work out more. That approach failed us. And it's exactly why both my work and Midi's exist. 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Desire, arousal, and then orgasm and then resolution. Right. Now, desire was assumed because if you're somebody in the 1950s traveling to the Midwest to have Kinsey and Johnson tie electrodes up to you and watch you have sex, desires kind of implied. Right. So they actually didn't have desire on there in the beginning. It was just like arousal, orgasm, resolution. They put desire at the beginning. Well, if you put the desire at the beginning, you're kind of broken if you don't have desire because it's at the beginning. Right. Even though these people had no desire issues, they were like a little voyeuristic. They're like, I volunteer as a tribute to understand human sexuality. Yeah, yeah, yeah. They were willing to go. Rosemary Basan comes along well after and she says, but women's desire doesn't always happen before they have sex. It could happen during sex. Desire for sex can happen after sex. And the example I give of that is like you have amazing sex and then you look at your beloved and you're like, that was so good. That was awesome. I forgot how good that is. Remind me how good that is again. We should do that again. That's me desiring sex right after I had sex. Right. And so what we do is we think sex is this very linear, again, male model, very linear way of having sex and women feel ultimately broken because they're not sitting around desiring sex all the time. And I'm like, of course you're not sitting around desiring sex all the time. You've got a job, you've got kids, you've got a household to manage, you're busy and you're not in a sexual context. Right. Like this is very unsexual to me right now. And I'm not interested in having sex. A lot of women will respond to being in a sexual context. I feel safe right now. I feel safe enough to have sex. I feel like I'm connected to you. That allows me to want to have sex. Right. And so our society again, what is Hollywood get wrong about sex is like everybody thinks desire has to happen first and then no sex because you don't have any desire. Instead of how the female sexual response cycle happens, thanks to Rosemary Besson and others is put yourself in a nice place, prioritize sex if you want it in your life. The desire will come. That's called responsive desire. Right. But Hollywood tells us about spontaneous desire where desire comes first, go find somebody to have sex with. Instead of like, I want sex in my life. Let's prioritize it. Am I safe? Are we connected right now? Are we doing things that are arousing? Oh yeah. Yeah. Sex is good. Let's have sex now. Right. And so instead of waiting for the breeze of desire to blow in, we got to create the sexual circumstances that we want to be part of. What's the difference between desire and arousal? Good question. So I think of arousal as blood flow. Right. And nobody thinks of the female pelvis as blood flow. But when you think of a penis, Just like a man. Yeah. When you think of a penis and an erection, how does it get big and hard? Blood flow. And so the clitoris is the same. The clitoris will engorge with blood and that surrounding the vulva, the whole pelvis fills with blood. And to me, I'm like, that's why you can't just put something in the vagina without being aroused. Number one, it can be traumatic and painful, right? Blood flow helps the tissues be resilient and to help tolerate what's going to happen. Because I always joke. I'm like, the pelvis is like, is this a tampon? Like, what's your plan with this right now? Like, you've got to let your pelvis know like what the plan is. So blood flow is helpful. New exciting research looking at the role of vibration. And a lot of people will think a vibrator means putting something inside your pelvis, inside your vagina. That's not what these researchers did. They took vibrators. They put them on the outside of the vulva with no pretense of like, this is how you need to do it or that you have to have an orgasm. Just put it on the outside of the vulva. Increase blood flow, improve sexual function, help desire. And the prelim data says this might actually help with signs of atrophy and lichen sclerosis. Yes, we need more data on that. But it's not the vibrator and it's not the sex. It's the blood flow that's helping that. And then you think, well, yeah, blood flow is good for our brain. It's good for our heart. It's good for our muscles. It's kind of a no brainer that blood flow is good for your pelvis. Right. So when I think about arousal, I really think about blood flow. Now, where we're really lacking in research, we know tons about erectile dysfunction, right? Impaired blood flow as men get older affects the rigidity or the firmness or the time span of which the penis can be and stay hard. We know that. Heart disease affects it. Diabetes affects it. Smoking affects it. Drugs. Drugs affect it. Well studied. Same anatomy and females. Not studied at all. We know that women with diabetes have more sexual dysfunction. Same with women with other medical issues, but it is not studied like the erection is studied. But same, same clitoris penis. Same, same. Wow. And let's talk about the brain. What are you the role of the neurotransmitters dopamine serotonin and what is the reward pathway? Yeah, the brain is the biggest sex organ and it's a it plays a huge role. And I was like, you know, that's kind of when I got into like coaching and understanding the brain because I can give you vaginal estrogen. I can send you to a pelvic floor physical therapist. I can give you a really good pelvis. We can fix prolapse. We can help with leakage. But if you're not thinking about sex in a way that is, you know, pro sex that impairs your sexual health too. So biggest sex organ is the brain. Dopamine pathway is super interesting because dopamine is released on pursuing something found to be rewarding. Why is that important with sex? You can't take me out to dinner and feed me cold chicken and mushy broccoli and then say, well, why don't you like food, Kelly? Well, I don't like mushy broccoli. You can't I can't desire something that's not rewarding to me. And so so many women. And this was very interesting. So a male researcher, I was interviewing him for my podcast about women's sexual health and desire. And he knows a lot about this. And I'm like, wait, hold on. You're assuming women are having sex worth desiring. And he's like, well, yeah. And at that moment, I was like, whoa, that's such a male centric way to think about sex because you're having desirable sex. Right. These women are having mushy broccoli sex and feeling beat up about it because they don't desire sex. Do we have percentages here? Do we know you can use orgasm as a proxy for quote unquote, good sex? Right. Where the experts will be like, you can have good sex and not have an orgasm. Like we can get new arms. Or vice versa. Yeah. But let's use orgasm as a proxy. You can have an orgasm and think it's shitty sex. You can have an orgasm and think it's shitty sex. Absolutely. So let's look at the orgasm gap most pronounced in heterosexual couples. So what they did and it's interesting because they did a recent study and an old study and the orgasm gap has not gotten better. That kids have gone by not getting better. Right. So the group with the largest disparity in chance of orgasm with having sex is the heterosexual man clocking in at around 97% orgasm with intimacy with the heterosexual woman who clocks in around 60% of the time. Same sex, lesbians, same sex, gay men, they're all pretty matched up much higher. I think lesbians are like high 80s, gay men are up high 90s. The heterosexual female has the least amount of orgasm of any of those people. And 60% is if she's in a long term loving committed relationship. I think they only studied women in long term loving committed relationship. Yes. But then they studied hookup sex in college and this is what you need to tell your daughters. So if it's hookup sex in college, he still has an orgasm high 90s. She has an orgasm 7% of the time. So to me, I'm like, honey, what are you participating in this game for risk of disease, risk of pregnancy, risk of societal shame, 7% chance of orgasm. Don't play at that table in Vegas. Like it doesn't make sense. That was a big aha for me is like, oh, the male researcher of female sexual desire thinks she's having sex worth desiring and that she's just not desiring it. And that's where sex education comes in, you think. Yeah. Well, you know, you talked to a woman will come in and she'll be like, I like he's happy. He's getting off. He is having an orgasm. And usually he has no idea that it could be a different way. Right. Because we didn't get taught about sex, let alone how to talk about communicating about sex. Oh, God, no. Let alone talking about communicating about bad sex. Right. So it's like, oh, we got some work to do. So I always say talk about sex when it's good. Like just normalize talking about good sex. That was so great. I love it when we do that Tuesday. Tuesday, Tuesday morning seemed to be a good time for us to do that. Right. Just talk about having good sex, because inevitably the sex might not good. I'm stressed. I've got a deadline at work. My mom's sick. The kids need me more. I just had a baby. Now we got rocky road sex. Right. If we can talk about it when it's good, we're all the more prepared to be like, I love it when it's good. And we already got that bond about talking about it. Let's talk about it when it's rocky. So a lot of women will come in and they'll be like, I don't desire sex. Yeah, I use a party metaphor. When you're at the party, is the party good? Do you like being at the party? And they'll be like, oh, yeah, I love the party. Love it. Always great. Happy to be taken to the party. Don't always want to go to a party, but happy that I'm at the party. Like great. Just prioritize party. Go have great parties. Right. Versus, no, I don't even like going to the party. The party's kind of gray or hard is kind of blah. And I think that's, you know, going back to the dopamine pathway. When we talk about hypoactive sexual desire disorder and when we should do a medication for it, it's like sex is gray. It's gray, but it used to be amazing. And it's not a relationship problem. Our relationship's great, but it used to be awesome. And it's just not that anymore. Maybe it's a neurotransmitter issue. Maybe it is the brain. And that's where these medications come in. They are safe. They're effective. They've been completely derided by the media because again, the men get the Viagra and the women, what do you need that for? So let's go there. So what are the drugs you're talking about? There's two FDA approved medications you're talking about right now and they work in the level of the brain. Yep. They both work theorized work in the dopamine pathway or to influence the dopamine pathway to help you want to desire something worth desiring. That's the stereotype. Are you just going to make a bunch of hormonal women who are going to go off and do crazy things? No. No, no, no. That's not what we're trying to do here. She had a great sexual relationship. Just the lights got dimmed. Let's help her out. Maybe it's a neurotransmitter issue. Incredibly safe. The adi, which is full of answering is the generic, been around for quite a while. Just got FDA approved for 65 and under. We should definitely talk about that. It's one pill a day. You take it at night and it's not an on-demand drug. So you have to have it in your... Kind of like an antidepressant or a high blood pressure medication. Like you have to just keep taking the medication in order for it to work. Take it for a couple of months to see if it helps or not. And if it doesn't help, you then can stop. The problem is many people's insurance in America have sexual health riders. A lot of people don't know this. So you're not going to get your Viagra covered for women or for men? All people. All people. But the good news is Viagra is generic. It's 13 cents. Yeah. And adi is not. It is still on brand. Just for people who are looking for it, then PhilRx, P-H-I-L-R-X is the pharmacy. And you can go to adi.com because you can't just go to Walgreens and get this medication. Yeah. Especially pharmacy if you want to get it. The other one is called Vileci or Bremilanitide. That is an injectable, more of an on-demand desire medication. It's just doesn't have as much use. I would say I don't know in America like how much people are actually prescribing one versus the other. Has more nausea than adi does. So that bothers some to some people. They'll take an anti-nausea medication. Being nauseous isn't very sexy. So it's not a great side effect if you're trying to have sex. What's super interesting about adi, though, is it's FD approved for women. It's in a pink box. What percentage of those prescriptions are taken by men? 10 percent. Really? Pink box. FD approved for women. 10 percent of the prescriptions are taken by men. Why? Because it's a brain drug. A brain drug. We all have brains. It works the same. So there's actually published literature of men with trouble with orgasm. And it helps. It helps men with desire. So it's not that it only works in female brains. It was just designed and FD approved for that. How much of women's sexual dysfunction is biology? And how much is culture? How much is stress? I don't know if I've ever seen a breakdown. And my argument would be like, I don't think everything affects everything. And that's what the sex therapist would say. That's what the, you know, testosterone researchers would say is like, society affects our biology and our biology affects your your how you are in the world. And it's like so intertwined. But we certainly see distress with desire go up with age. So that might be more of a biology thing. But stereotypically, women are not thought of as biologic in the way that men are. Right. Like where men are like, maybe this is a hormone problem. Like, you know, how many women have doctors who are like, your sexual health issue, maybe it's a blood flow problem. Maybe it's a neurotransmitter. Zero. I mean, unless they're sex metrain. Yeah. The fact is we're blaming everything on society for women and we're biologic beings also. What do you think is the most important scientific fact about women's sexual health that is just not being taught? Women can have orgasms as easily as men. I mean, I see this perpetuated a lot. People would be like, women take longer. Well, there's a very awesome bisexual study. So they took bisexual women and they said, when you're partnered with a man and you're partnered with a woman, number one, how frequent do you have orgasms and how long does it take? You literally put a penis in the bedroom and her chance of orgasm goes down. Same biology. Yeah. Different partner, which tells you a lot again about society. Who's who gets the privilege of having an orgasm and then sex ends? The man, right? Stereotypically. And so I just I think that bisexual study is like such a glamorous way of being like, women are not difficult. Women do not take longer. Women sometimes need to take time to have arousal. What do you mean? But that doesn't mean we're difficult. Why do so many women confuse libido with arousal? What is libido? Nobody got any sex ends. So that's my answer to everything. Yeah. So libido is thought of as the desire to pursue something. It actually comes from Freud. So Freud is such a good word. It's like libidinous. It's like the pursuit of something. So like the pursuit of food, the pursuit of water, the pursuit of sleep. And the less you have it, the more you pursue it because it's like life saving. Right. So it's these innate drives. And so Freud said libido or desire for sex is an innate drive. And so especially with the responsive desire folk, they're like, I must be broken because I don't desire this. Like if I'm thirsty, I desire water. Right. And the joke is like some men will be like, but I feel like I will die if I don't have sex. And like, I know, but she won't die like food and water. Right. So it goes all the way back to Freud and he messed up a lot of things for us. Famously, he said that the vagina orgasm is the adult orgasm. The clitoris orgasm is the infantile orgasm. So to be an adult woman, who did I hear that? No. So to be an adult woman, you must have an orgasm vaginally, a.k.a. your husband must provide it by putting something in your vagina. OK, well, if that's the truth. Oh, I've never even heard of a vaginal orgasm. Wait, there's more. So if that's if Freud says it's the truth and that's the truth, you as a woman who wants to be an adult woman, but can't, what would you do then? You can have a surgery that can move your clitoris closer to your vagina. Yes. In an age without antibiotics, these women were trying to surgically take their clitoris and put it closer to the vagina because Freud said that's the adult orgasm. It's fixed. Yeah. And very famous women of the time had these surgeries. You can only imagine no anesthesia, no antibiotics. Like so, if anybody is wondering, Freud was wrong. All you'll get into like the tantric people, not to I'm not downplaying them, but they'll be like, I had a woman come and she's like, I want to tell women about the 17 different ways to have an orgasm. And I'm like, they're they struggle to have one. Can we work on one? Like, like, don't give them a, you know, like, here's 17 different ways of like, they're going to be like, let's be happy with one. Let's learn one first. Right. I was like, oh, my God, I thought I was broken. Now I'm really broken because there's 16 other ones I haven't done yet. To me, I'm like, most people think that stimulating the clitoris, however you're going to do that, is the orgasm. But there is research that people can stimulate their ear and have an orgasm and you can dream and have an orgasm and write. So like our bodies are wonderfully complex and intertwined. But the clitoris is the organ of pleasure. The vagina is close, but we don't rub a scrotum and wonder why a man doesn't have an orgasm. It's close, but it's not his organ of pleasure. I used to think a good makeup routine meant doing more, more products, more layers, more time in the mirror. But the reality is the heavier everything got, the less it actually looked like me. 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Just head to JonesRoadBeauty.com and use the code UnPossed at checkout. After your purchase, they will ask you where you heard about them. Please support our show and tell them our show sent you. This episode of UnPossed is brought to you by Alloy Health. We talk a lot about hormones affecting mood and energy, but they also play a major role in your skin. Collagen, hydration, elasticity. And in midlife, when hormone levels start to shift, your skin changes too. I first heard about Alloy through a close friend who was a dermatologist. She shared how few products truly address hormonal skin changes. Once I understood that Alloy's approach is rooted in hormone science and physiology, I decided to try it myself. It changed the way I think about how skincare is at this stage of life. Alloy's M4 line includes the M4 face cream, M4 face serum and M4 eye cream. These are prescription strength formulas made with Estriol, the gold standard hormone your body stops producing naturally. 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And I think why I wrote my first book, You Were Not Broken, is so much help can happen from a little bit of sex ed. A little bit of sex ed. Just validation. Just validation of like, oh, you need to incorporate the clitoris in pleasure. I didn't know that. I thought I was broken. Right. So it's like so much refer out books, podcasts, classes, sex therapists when needed. Like doctors don't have to know it all, but don't tell people wrong things. Yeah. What is an orgasm from a medical standpoint? An orgasm. It's, you know, there's an old saying of like, you know porn when you see it, like like define porn, well, you know when you see it. So orgasm, that's what the experts will be like, you know when you see it. It is a rhythmic contraction of the pelvic floor in 0.6 second intervals. What is the pelvic floor? Pelvic floor is a whole bunch of muscles that sit. You can't see them. You can't flex them like a bicep, but they sit in the base of the pelvis and they hold in your bladder. I'm flexing them right now. Flexing them right now. They hold in your pelvic organs, right? And they hold in your P and they can get weakened with childbirth and they contract with. With coughing, with smoking, with. Yes. Yeah. Orgasm usually happens after stimulation, arousal, and then it's a release basically of a buildup. And that release is 0.6 second rhythmic contractions lasting for a couple of seconds to many, many, many minutes for most people, incredibly pleasing. For some people, it can be people can get profound headaches afterwards or pelvic pain afterwards, but by and large. But what's happening in the brain? I have a really awesome sex therapist friend and he's like, in the brain, you're dumb and happy with an orgasm. And what he means by that is the frontal lobe, which is our cognitive center. It is our planning, thinking, worry center. Literally has to be shut off. You can't have a frontal lobe activation and have an orgasm at the same time. I know it's so cool. So they put people in MRIs to actually prove it. They're like, and that went dark. And you had an orgasm and you can't engage both at the same time. And that's why some people, sex means different things for different people. But where it comes close to volhalla and spiritual and the present moment and just this release of all your worry from the world is because your frontal lobe goes dark in order to experience pleasure. It's very cool. So I advise patients who are struggling with like middle of the night awakenings and having racing thoughts. Usually if they can't self-soothe to go back to bed or do bucks, breathing or meditation, I'm like, have an orgasm and that will stop those thoughts right in their tracks. So then we'll see if that will help sleep. Is that crazy of me to prescribe that? I don't think it's crazy. To me, I'm like, make sure she's comfortable with sex. You have a decent rule. Again, it's like the, you know, if you say, just say, all right. I do say, how do you feel about orgasm? How do you feel about it? You masturbate, you know. There's some recently published data saying that orgasm helps decrease menopausal symptoms. Wonderful. I believe it. We're cutting off kind of the paying attention to anything else part of the brain with an orgasm. That's neuroscience. And I worry that the popular press takes that research and they're like, solve your hot flashes with orgasm. I've seen articles like that. And I'm like, you just need to come more. Yeah. And when you feel like crap telling somebody go have an orgasm, like with no sex ed, with no sub-brain, maybe they've had mushy broccoli their whole life, you know, like it can come across kind of obtuse. I've had patients say, well, that sounds nice, but my partner will get mad at me. Yeah. Yeah. Some people think that there's only so many orgasms that you're allowed to have in a week and that they almost be paired with your partner. Like, did you sign that marriage contract? Right. And did you ever ask your partner, am I only allowed to have orgasms with you? Right. Nobody's ever asked their partner that, but we don't get taught how to communicate about sex. So we assume things about our partner. A big thing that women assume is when a man has a rectile dysfunction, that she's unattractive, she's unlovable, and he's having an affair. It's a blood flow problem. It usually doesn't mean all of those things. But if you can't communicate, we assume. Right. And sometimes we assume worst case scenario. What is the most persistent orgasm myth that you would love to retire? That what's difficult for women to have an orgasm or that it always takes longer. Like, like it's a burden for us or we're less gifted. It kind of has this undertone of like, it's just not going to be easy for you. What happens to the orgasm with normal aging? Orgasm can diminish for several reasons. Number one, it's a pelvic floor contraction. It's a muscle contraction. We lose muscle as we age. Right. So if we don't have as strong of pelvic floor, the experience of orgasm might be less. In addition, we need hormones to help blood flow. The big hormones for blood flow in our pelvis estrogen testosterone DHEA. They did this awesome study where they gave women testosterone and they took an ultrasound probe and they put it on their clitoral artery and just watched the blood flow of the clitoral artery go up after they give them testosterone. I'm like, has anybody ever told you testosterone helps orgasm? So as our hormones go down, the orgasm can kind of feel blunted, not as strong, a little more challenging to get over the hill. Right. I like it. I got arousal. I think it's not going to happen today. So there are challenges that can happen. Most people why hormones going down, pelvic floor going down, like atrophy specifically. Yeah. So atrophy, what's happening to the nerves? What's happening? What's been, do you have diabetes going on? Do you have high blood pressure going on? Do we have other comorbidities along with aging? And then as hormones go down, we lose our lubrication. We lose our blood flow. We might lose our architecture. So the thing that always breaks the internet, right? Is what you're drawing. And my biggest sub-stack, like hundreds of thousands of views, is the one I wrote about how the anatomy of the vulva can change with age. Yeah. Yeah. And menopause. It went, like these things go to the top of the people on social media. They're like, you can't see the. You've brought a clitoris, right? I've brought a clitoris. But yeah, people are like, does the vagina go away? And I'm like, you don't know what a vagina and a vulva is like. Please pull out the clitoris. Vagina is different. Oh, it's tiny. I got a tiny clitoris. Well, it looks like Gumby. But for those of you watching on YouTube, so all we see in the female pelvis is the head of the clitoris. The gland. It looks like a penis. Looks like a penis. Yeah. It's shocking, right? Look at that. It looks like a penis. So same, same. So head of the clitoris is head of the penis. OK. Shaft of the clitoris, shaft of penis. And these are the crura or the bulbs of the clitoris, which wrap around the vulva. So the vulva. Where is the vagina in all of this? Right here, my finger. There. So you can see that the crura and the bodies of the clitoris wraps around the vulva. Now again, your skin's going to be here, right? So where's the ischiocavernosis in the vulva? In the male equivalent. Yeah. Yeah. Here, these things. OK. The body and the crura. Because that is what we were taught to look for when we were reconstructing the pelvic anatomy after lacerations from obstetrics. Impressive. And but I didn't realize I was throwing big giant sutures of chromic into the clitoris. Well, when people are hemorrhaging, you need to do what you need to do. But then it would be kind to ask afterwards, like, how's sexual function? The other big myth we should get rid of is that women should be good to go sexually active six weeks after childbirth. No. There's no data in that. No data. I like asked how many of you were probably on a text read. I'm like, where's the data that says why six weeks is the good to go? Six weeks is the good to go. I can't tell you how many patients came back in horrific pain. What we know now is that she had GSM. It wasn't full menopause, but she had general urinary syndrome because her estrogen was so low because she was nursing her baby and we suppress our estrogen. Yeah. We suppress ovulation when we nurse. It is nature's way of spacing out children biologically. And so no estrogen. The valve that takes a hit. I know. And so all her architecture changes, her lubrication changes, her pain changes, and she's having horrifically painful sex. And then she likely has a male partner who doesn't know any of this is happening, is having his own like, wait, there's a baby now and what's my role and am I still loved? And oftentimes sex is a connection for him, right? So the connection's broken now and they don't know how to communicate about this. So big, big, big relationship issues because nobody got a decent sex ed or an understanding of what happens. What are the earliest sexual changes that we can see in perimenopause that women often miss or internalize this failure? Well, desire is a big one. So as hormones go down and the stereotype is testosterone is the desire hormone, but estrogen is too. I mean, I know you've seen this. Like you get a woman on an estrogen patch and she's like, I'm good. Have fun again. It's all I needed. Right. And there's older literature on it. Nothing's being studied in the world of hormones much right now in sexual health with women. But there is our older studies saying estrogen's role in sexual health certainly involve our health. So when hormones change, desire can go down, but also just moisture lubrication. Everybody was so happy when we got genital urinary syndrome, menopause. And now we have genital urinary syndrome, menopause guidelines. The only people that aren't happy with that are the people who are like, but genital urinary syndrome, menopause happens before menopause and during breastfeeding and with cancer treatments. And like, so now we need time that you have a low estrogen state. You whenever you have a low hormone state, right? And so for the, again, the stereotype. I'm like control pills. You don't get any treatment because you're still having periods, which is super stupid because we don't tell a man he can't have testosterone or Viagra because he has a little bit of, you get a little bit of a boner dude. So you don't get any of that. That's what we're telling women. You have a little bit of a period still. You don't get any of this. But as you know, the amount of hormones needed to produce a period, not even ovulating just produce periods, actually very low, right? Very, very low amount. But we're using that as a marker of if you're allowed to have help or not. I mean, what we've learned or what I've learned in the last, you know, three or four years and, and especially getting ready for the new perimenopause and writing the book is the period, the menstrual cycle changes are the last things, you know, like, like stuff's happening in the brain, in your bones, you know, palpitations, skin changes well before your hormones get low enough to affect your periods. And if you look at the data on who's affected most by hypoactive sexual desire disorder, so low desire and what is hypoactive sexual desire disorder. So low desire for sex and bothered by it with no other known cause, meaning relationship issues, right? Other health issues, stuff like that. Now it's time for the midi pause. I'm Dr. Mary Claire Haver, host of the podcast Unpaused, bringing you a word from midi health. Today, we're talking about perimenopause. Perimenopause is driven by fluctuating hormone levels and can trigger dozens of symptoms, including irregular periods, breast soreness, hot flashes, moodiness, insomnia and weight gain. But here's the good news. Midi health is dedicated to changing how perimenopause is treated with a personalized approach tailored to each women's specific needs. Women come to midi health to address the symptoms of perimenopause and menopause they see and feel every day. What you may not know is that perimenopause is often diagnosed by symptoms alone. There is no perfect blood test to determine if a woman is in perimenopause due to the wildly fluctuating hormone levels. A discussion with your doctor about your symptoms can lead to answers and possible treatment, including changes to your eating and nutrition, possible over-the-counter supplements, and potential hormone therapy. With the right treatment, you can ease uncomfortable symptoms. Let me add, perimenopause is a natural expected phase of life that a woman will experience if she's fortunate to live long enough. And the more we talk about it, the less mysterious and isolating it becomes. Progress starts with a personal plan. That's why the midi approach centers on a holistic combination of solutions, from medications to lifestyle changes, in a care plan that works for your body and needs. As the nation's fastest growing women's telehealth company, midi provides accessible insurance-covered services. Building on its leadership in perimenopause and menopause, midi fills the critical health gaps women face at every age and life stage. If you want a clinician in your corner who understands what your body and brain need right now, that's exactly what midi is built for. Go to joinmidi.com, joinmidi.com, and connect with one of their clinicians today. What do you tell the women to let me take a caveat for a second? Who says, I don't want to have sex and I don't care. Thank you for bringing this up. I don't care. Thank you for bringing this up. I can't tell you there's a war on the internet. Every time I post about female sexual desire, about half of the comments are women who are like, I don't give a fuck if I ever, you know, like, that used to be talked about. Because I'm like, we need to talk about, because right now we're just talking about HSDD. I don't have low desire and I care. Who's talking about I don't have desire and I don't care? Because I would argue with no data or research to back me up that that effect on relationships is as big, if not more big, than honey, I want to. I just don't feel like it, but I want to and I'm bothered by it versus honey, I don't care. I don't want it to be part of my life anymore. Right. And nobody's talking about that, but it's very common. And at least on the internet. It's on the internet. And nobody's going to be a doctor about it. You only complain if you want to do it again. We know. Yes, exactly. Right. And so there is a lot to unpack. A lot to unpack. Let's unpack it. Like women are taking notes. Were you having mushy broccoli in the first place? Were you having 7% orgasm in the first place? Was sex all about his gratification and not yours? You might not ever want bad sex again and you're finally at a point in your life where you're like, I'm willing to actually say that. Thank you very much. And we must realize we probably got into this relationship because it was sexual. Let's honor that and respect that and say just because one, we're kind of gendering here, but it could be any gender in any part of the relationship where they were like, we got into this because of sex. This was a sexual relationship. One of us has decided I'm fine without it. That's significant. That's a fracture in that relationship. And we don't want to dismiss either partner's important point in this. What do you do? How do you counsel? I think it's- Is divorce the only answer? I don't think so. But just talking about it, what is it? Most people don't know. They're in a long-term relationship. Most people don't know. What does sex mean to you? What does this mean to you? Why do we do this? When you have sex with me, what do you get out of it? Like these are like the things we'd never learn to talk about. And I learned this from my sex therapist friends and I'd go home to my husband and I'm like, what sex mean to you? We've been married for like over 15 years before I asked him this question. I'm like, well into my social media sex ed career. Right? I'm like, what sex mean to you? And he's like, well, sex means X, Y, and Z. And I'm like, no shit. Didn't know that. Right? And so you're like, if I'm like, hey, I could take or leave sex, but maybe your partner wants to have sex. We need to talk about that. What sex mean to you? Like just starting to communicate of why don't you want it without shame, out of curiosity, judgment free zone. Maybe we need a therapist to help us communicate. Maybe the communication is already so bad. Right? Maybe we have a lot of blame and shame and assumptions going on. Maybe we need support. But again, going back to like, what if we taught people how to talk about sex when it was good so that we can talk about sex when it's bad? I've had patients and lots of people in my comment or in my DMs, they won't say this in public, who say, I'm totally fine taking care of myself. I orgasm on demand. I'm happy to masturbate. I don't care if I have a partner. Awesome. I mean, I always say like, I'm not here. But it's affecting their relationship. Oh, so you're partnered. Yeah. You just don't want to be with your partner. Yeah. Separately, you're in a partnership. We need to communicate with that. Right? What's going on? Why are we not bonded? Why are we not close? Right? Why can't we talk to each other? Why are we texting a stranger in a DM instead of talking to the person in your house? Right? It's like, we're so uncomfortable talking about sex, but like, I can tell a stranger all about my sex life. It's like, oh, that's really interesting, isn't it? Well, it's so wrapped up in the emotional part of it and upsetting someone and how they don't feel loved or, you know, it just, there's so much more to it, you know, of what we assign to this physical relationship. Yeah. And maybe you don't want sex because you have untreated depression or you have low hormones or you have a health condition, but we're making it be a personality flaw. Right? Again, women get blamed as being, it's all psychological. Like, no, maybe you have a health condition. Maybe your thyroid's like crazy out of whack and that's why you don't want to have sex. Right? So that's what the sex med doctor is like, let's look into some things. What are you doing? The other thing going back to like desire and pleasure and stuff is like, how much pleasure do you have in your life in the first place? Talk to me about the word natural and how it's being weaponized against women. Well, dying in childbirth is natural. Wearing socks is not natural. Right? So natural tends to mean something that is within nature. And what humans have done to that is we've assumed superiority to that natural world. Likely because we live so far out of the natural world right now, we forgot how deadly it is. Right? Because it's like, it's very easy to live in a climate controlled, beautiful condo with a steady food supply and clean water and be like, nature's nice. Like, no, we created this because nature wasn't nice and we died in childbirth and you had a femur fracture and you died because of blunt force trauma. Right? And I was, so I was researching it for my second book and it's called the naturalistic fallacy. And it is a thought error that because something is from nature, it is therefore superior or better. So I see it a lot. I see it on social media and wellness culture. What is it? It plays into and it's just another tool in a toolbox to control women. Like, don't you know you need to be perfect and natural? And 25 forever. You need to be young forever. Yeah, don't age by the way. Like the most natural thing on the planet is things are born and then age and then die. That's the most natural thing. And we're like, give it, don't do that. But do everything else naturally. Like once you can step back and actually see the like social construct on all of this, like it's just an immense level of bullshit. And then I see a lot of people who want to fight, you know, why would you treat menopause or the things that are happening because of your menopause? This is natural. You are meant to do this. What is your comment for that? Well, flossing isn't natural, but it makes it, it extends the lifespan of our gums and our teeth. I mean, I first have to break down the natural myth. And then I also break down the like, we treat everything else in medicine to help quality of life. Like thyroid, replace that. Pancreas, replace that. Heart valve, replace that. Hip, replace that. Teeth, replace that. Hearing aids, check. Glasses, check. Check. Hair, check. Like everything. Because then once you, you have to point that out to people because they can't see the, the see they're swimming in. Right. So you're like, wait, we take care of, that's medicine. We take care of everything. Dry eyes, check. Pimples, check. Right. Everything except for the o-free. Not that one. Everything else, but not that one. And so once you kind of point that out to people, they can see their thought of like, oh, that is kind of weird, isn't it? It's kind of weird that one organ is the organ we've decided not to help out. To ignore. To ignore or to say, you know, that's the natural. I never like, well, sorry, you know, gum disease, that's natural. Like we don't do it with anything else. And I always say like, I'm not here to make you have sex. I'm not here to make you have hormones. I don't care. It's your life. But I care profoundly that you have the education that you need to make your own decision and that you know how to advocate to help you in making that decision. That's my jam. But if you take hormones or not, I don't care. I'm not going to live in your body. But I know enough to be like, hormones are basic building blocks. And if you choose to outlive them, that's what we're doing. We're choosing to outlive them. Antibiotics alone increased human life expectancy by 26 years. Really? We are choosing to outlive our hormones. We have climate control buildings. We're choosing to not freeze, right? Like we're choosing to live very long. If you choose to not replace the building blocks, tissues can suffer and they will change. Whether you feel that suffering or not, things change. That's just facts. I just, I want people to have the information because I feel like we're jumping to a conclusion about what should be done with no education about it. You can find Kelly through her website at kellycaspersonmd.com, where you can listen to her podcast, You Are Not Broken, and find links to all her books, as well as to more information on her clinic, the Casperson Clinic. You can find full episodes of Unpaused on YouTube at Dr. Mary Claire. I'd love to hear from you about this topic and anything else that's on your mind. You can find me on Instagram at Dr. Mary Claire and get honest, accurate information on health, fitness, and navigating midlife at thepauselife.com. My new book, The New Perimenopause, is available everywhere you buy books. If you're loving this podcast, I have an important request. Please take a moment to follow Unpaused on your favorite podcast app. Following and listening is what pushes this information to more women who need it. So if this podcast has helped you feel seen, understood, or supported, hit follow right now so you never miss an episode. Thank you for being here with me. Let's keep going, Unpaused. Unpaused is presented by Odyssey in conjunction with PodPeople. I'm your host, Dr. Mary Claire Haver. The views and opinions expressed on Unpaused are those of the talent and guests alone, and are provided for informational and entertainment purposes only. No part of this podcast or any related materials are intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.