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Episode Appearances
Literature and History · Jan 15, 2026
Episode 121: The Umayyad Caliphate
“Muhammad's eldest grandson who capitulated to Muawiyah in 661; allegedly poisoned by Muawiyah to prevent his claim to caliphate.”
Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) - political history and governanceIslamic civil wars (fitnas) - first, second, and third fitnas as succession crisesShiism and Alid movement - theological and political opposition to Umayyad rule
View AnalysisLiterature and History · Dec 15, 2025
Episode 120: The Rashidun Caliphate
“Muhammad's grandson; briefly proclaimed caliph in 661; signed peace treaty with Muawiyah, ending First Fitna”
Sunni-Shia Schism Origins and Theological InterpretationsRashidun Caliphate Military Conquests (632-661)Islamic Succession Disputes and Legitimacy Claims
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