Appears On
Episode Appearances
Literature and History · Jan 15, 2026
Episode 121: The Umayyad Caliphate
“Muhammad's grandson killed at Battle of Karbala (680) by Umayyad forces; death became foundational tragedy in Shiite theology.”
Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) - political history and governanceIslamic civil wars (fitnas) - first, second, and third fitnas as succession crisesShiism and Alid movement - theological and political opposition to Umayyad rule
View AnalysisLiterature and History · Dec 15, 2025
Episode 120: The Rashidun Caliphate
“Muhammad's grandson; brother of Hassan; lived during Umayyad Caliphate; subject of future episodes”
Sunni-Shia Schism Origins and Theological InterpretationsRashidun Caliphate Military Conquests (632-661)Islamic Succession Disputes and Legitimacy Claims
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