Hello, and welcome to Zoey Recap, where each week we find the best bits from one of our podcast episodes to help you improve your health. Today we're looking at another way to improve our mental health. If I've learned anything from hosting this podcast, it's just how interconnected all the systems in our body are. Nothing works in isolation, which means we often have to step back and look at the bigger picture if we want to improve a particular aspect of our health. With this in mind, let's shift our focus on mental health. Can we approach it from a different angle? Harvard Nutritional Psychiatrist Dr. Uma Naidu is here to explain the science behind the gut brain axis and how you can help one to help the other. Nutritional psychiatry and certainly when I practice nutritional lifestyle and metabolic psychiatry is an evolving science. It's nascent and there's new evolving evidence every single day. But what we do know is that the trillions of microbes that live in our microbiome and our gut, as a helping with the process of digesting our food, their breakdown products are also in the same environment as 90 to 95% of serotonin receptors. Now, serotonin is often called the happiness hormone. There's serotonin in the brain and other parts, but there's 90 to 95% of the receptors in serotonin production happens in the gut. So the linkage that I make that's been backed up by science is that as our food is being digested, it's also in the same environment as where these neurotransmitters are being produced, where the receptors are located. So we are therefore really understanding more and more that mental health is not this impact of just the brain. It's the brain in connection with the gut and other parts of the body. And can you explain a little bit more like what is a serotonin receptor? And if it's in my gut, how's that linked to my brain? And how does that make me feel different? I think I was brought up, you know, sort of stiff upper lip, like whatever happens in the outside of our, shouldn't really affect how you feel. I think that the science doesn't really seem to support this as much as what is going on. So I think the best way to think about it is in this way. The microbes, the microbiome is associated and anatomically, physiologically and biochemically connected to the brain through the vagus nerve, through the enteric nervous system, and through the transmission of these neurotransmitters. So serotonin exists in more than one place. When I said serotonin is the happiness hormone, medications like selective serotonin, reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs are the medications that are used to treat conditions like depression and anxiety, but they also manipulate serotonin. So think about it this way. Serotonin is involved in conditions like depression, anxiety and more. It's first line medication in mental health that people are prescribed, but food is also involved. And food is involved because it's being digested in the same place where the serotonin is being stored, manufactured and the receptors are located. And it therefore can mediate emotion through how those interactions happen as food is being digested. For example, if you are mostly eating ultra processed foods and sort of a poor diet, not only the breakdown products of that food are really going to lead to conditions like inflammation in your gut and studies of inflammation in actually a big UK Biobank study of more than 144,000 participants showed that participants who had anxiety and depression also had increased markers and these markers were inflammatory markers, interleukin sick and seroreactive protein. So we know that information is also involved. I want people to understand that there's a scup drain connection, there's a mechanism for how food is being digested. Serotonin is right there as well as other neurotransmitters in that environment. Another neurotransmitter, for example, is GABA. And GABA is associated in inhibitory neurotransmitter. It's also associated with anxiety. It's associated with the hippocampus, it's associated with the brain. Well, we found in a research study that a certain type of bacteria is associated with GABA production. And this type of bacteria's name is Bifidobacterium adelocentus. And when the production, for whatever reason, of that bacteria is low, GABA is low and anxiety is high. So there's all of these different connections. I mentioned serotonin because of those receptors, but there are also these other neurotransmitters. And it's a more complex way to understand that anxiety is not just one thing, that the food you eat can impact these microbes and can thereby, over time, not always immediate, can impact your anxiety. And Ume, if someone's listening to this now, they say, like, I'm sold. I want to make changes. I am living with anxiety. Or even if it's not clinically diagnosed, like I feel like I have a lot of anxiety in my life. What is the sort of specific advice you would give thinking about food to someone who wants to make changes that would maximize the benefit? If I could just also add to what you said as I answer the question that it may not be that you have a diagnosis, but you're feeling this way. And this is a very powerful tool that can help you. Food is one of the things that can help you, including things like a breathwork exercise, exercise itself and other things, even sunlight are important. So I have three steps that I ask people to take. And I have the mnemonic SAW. So the one is swap. So swap one unhealthy food to get started. So maybe you started eating ice cream every night during the pandemic. Can you create a recipe that I have, for example, for ice cream made from fruit and swap that out? Or can you start to eat less of it? So the first thing is swap. Swap at least one unhealthy food habit that you have, and maybe that you're not drinking enough water. It could be that. The second is add. So add in healthy food. An easy way to start is adding in lots more vegetables, colorful vegetables to your diet, things like colorful peppers, lettuces, greens, spinach, whatever it is you might like, adding those in a low calorie. So cruciferous vegetables like cauliflower and broccoli and Brussels sprouts low calorie and can be added in to your meals that are both going to help you feel full. But they also giving your body nutrients and antioxidants and anti-inflammatory substances that your body and your brain need. And the third W is walk. And by walk, I mean movement, exercise, a Zumba class, a yoga class, whatever appeals to you to get you going. Because remember, through the lens of mental health, someone who's anxious may not even want to take a walk. So getting them to take a walk to buy the newspaper, get a cup of coffee, walk their dog is a way to get them moving and move from that almost paralyzed state. They're feeling so anxious. I'd love to talk about people feeling anxious about their diet and how they can avoid that. And I think it's particularly relevant on this podcast. Like most of the long term listeners to this podcast will be Zoe members. They'll have been paying for this personalized nutrition program that helps them to feel better and be healthier. And one of the things that we've discovered is that we have to spend a lot of time and effort trying to sort of retrain people because they've been told that lots and lots of foods are off limits, that like these foods are bad. And that sort of if they want to improve, it's all about sort of restriction, like calorie restriction, removing bad foods. And the way that Zoe membership works, it's really all about focusing on adding things to their diet to be healthier. There's no calorie count, all of this. And also there's no, you know, one of the core ideas, which comes from the a lot of nutritionists have been involved in it is that sort of no food is off limits. But what we find is that lots of people are still feeling really anxious about this, you know, even if they've been on the program for quite a while and they're feeling much better, I guess what's going on around their anxiety about diet? And do you have any advice to anybody listening about how they can reduce that? Well, I'll speak from the perspective of where I live in the US, which is that, you know, we have a eat this, not that mentality, which I argue against as often as I can, so that people feel they can embrace all foods. Maybe it's the quality and quantity of the food, the source of the food. That becomes important. We talked about sugar earlier on, eating some berries, or some, you know, a clementine, a mandarin, these are healthy choices as part of not only your fruit serving, but the fiber and other nutrients have faith that you're on the right path to trying to make things better. It may not be perfect, but you are trying to work on consistency, which is one of the biggest things that will help you. Discipline around your food will help you. The moment that someone starts to feel better, they want to do more of those healthy habits and that you can build on. If you're feeling anxious about the plan, maybe checking in with your nutrition counselor about it, what's driving that anxiety? Is it the quantity of food? Are you maybe not drinking enough water? Are you maybe eating something? Here's a common mistake that people make. I shouldn't say it's a mistake. It's more that they don't realize, for example, yogurt, rich in probiotics, great food, blueberries, delicious fruit, great source of fiber and anthocyanins, good for your diet, fruited yogurt, so the fruit in the yogurt, not a good idea because in the United States, a small half cup serving can have six to eight teaspoons of added sugar. So often someone might be eating something they think and have heard and read as healthy, but the food industry is not necessarily our friend and is labeling food in a way that you think it's healthy, but it's not because of those added sugars. A simple swap would be plain yogurt with berries and a sprinkle of cinnamon. Super delicious. You get all the benefits from every ingredient, including the cinnamon. So those types of things may be worth discussing with your counselor or whoever you speak to to check in about what's driving that anxiety. Or maybe it's that you have too much or too little food in your plan. It could be many different things. Always take it back to when we were first born, what happens when a baby is born? So if you've ever seen on television or you work in the lab and delivery, you know that you want the baby to cry, they take a deep breath, and what happens next? They clean them up and all of that, but they feed. So think about food as something very primitive. It's very primary to who we are as humans. And I think that when sometimes we're in situations where can't eat this or there's a media report that you shouldn't eat that, it really drives anxiety. Food anxiety is a very big thing. And I feel like, understanding you're on a healthy path, remember, so swap, add, walk. Think about calming foods because I have an acronym calming, and I also add in foods based on that. So very quickly, C is for choline. Choline is an exolegumes. A is for something like antioxidants. L is for liquids. Calming teas like passionflower or chamomile, liquid water, very important. And M is more omegas and magnesium. So many more foods on every letter of the list. But just very quickly, think about foods you can start to add and that help that anxiety. So if you're on the plan and you're worried about the plan, ask yourself why. Maybe it's something related to questions you have that are not answered or information you need. But you can also add in foods that could help you even more. At Zoe, we never stop being curious about how people respond to food. So we recently asked thousands of people about their breakfast, what they eat, and how they feel about it. Their answers may surprise you. Over 70% told us that their breakfast is balanced, yet only 6% get enough fiber. If you've been listening to this podcast, you know that's not enough to be balanced. And it's no wonder that only 16% felt energetic after eating. Clearly, breakfast is broken. But what if you could get a breakfast that actually supports your energy and gut health? Meet Daily 30, our 30 plant gut supplement that's out to fix breakfast one scoop at a time. Daily 30 is designed by Zoe Gut Health Scientists and features 4 grams of fiber and ingredients that support gut health, digestion, energy, immunity, and skin and hair. Deliciously crunchy, you can sprinkle it on yogurt and berries, porridge, avocado toast, eggs, even pancakes. Tastes great on lunches and other meals too. As we've discussed repeatedly on this podcast, healthy habits are easier to start in the morning. So why not get your 30 plants in before 10am? Find your breakfast fix and try the new formula at zoe.com slash daily 30. Our scientists have just redesigned Daily 30 to include even more plants, including raspberries, goji berries, fermented green tea kombucha, kale, and marine algae. By the way, whenever we share what Daily 30 can do, UK law requires us to say that it's a natural source of calcium, which supports gut health and digestion, and copper, which supports energy, immunity, and skin and hair. If you tune in regularly, you know what we think about this. Honestly, we prefer to let the benefits of Daily 30 speak for itself. Go to zoe.com slash daily 30 to get started. Try it for a week and see how you feel.
